Transcript Chapter 8
Chapter 8 C - spine Spinal Curvatures • Normal curvatures – _______________ – _______________ • Abnormal curvatures – _______ exaggerated concavity (Swayback) – _______exaggerated convexity (Humpback) – _______ exaggerated lateral curvature Vertebral Anatomy • ___________ – Thick rounded area. • ___________ – Posterior arch of bony projections Axial View • ______________ – Opening for spinal cord • ____________ – Posterior protrusions from body • ___________ – Posterior portion of arch off of pedicle meets midline Axial View • ______________ – Lateral projections • _____________ – Most posterior protrusions midline Lateral View • Body – Thick _________ portion • Pedicle – __________ to body • Laminae – _________ to transverse process/pedicle Lateral View • Transverse Process – Termination of ___________ • Spinous process – Posterior termination __________ • _________________articular process – Superior and inferior projections Vertebral Joints • _______________ (Apophyseal, Facet) – Superior and inferior articular process • ______________ – Area of disks. • Disks - ______________(outer borders). - ______________(Inner material). • HNP Intervertebral Foramina • Hole formed by ________________ – Superior and Inferior ____________ • Space for _______________vessels to pass C-spine Variations • __________________ – Hole in transverse process for vertebral artery/veins/nerves • ___________ spinous process – Split spinous process on ________ C-spine Variations • Zygapophyseal joints - __________seen on lat. ____ seen on _____ • Articular pillars – Lateral Masses C-spine Intervertebral foramina • _______angle from mid sagittal • _________ inferior angle • Important to know for __________ imaging C1 • __________ • Skull rests on ____________Facets – Atlantooccipital articulation • _________ arch with tubercle • _________ arch with tubercle C2 • __________ • ____________(Dens) – Resting posterior to the anterior arch of C1 • Pivot for rotating head Imaging the C-Spine Routine • • • • • • AP 40”SID AP Open Mouth 40” SID Lt Lateral 60-72”SID RPO/RAO 60-72” SID LPO/LAO 60-72”SID 75-80 kV AP C-Spine • • • • • • • Supine or Erect Slightly __________ ________________angle CR mid-sagittal Level of thyroid cartilage ________ C3-7 seen well Collimate to _________ AP Open Mouth • For ______________view • Have pt __________ • Align top ___________surface is in line with _____________ • CR through mouth Open Mouth • Collimate to outer edges of mouth • Shows ________________of ____ • Dens RPO/LPO • Place pt in ___________ • Angle tube ___________ • CR to the level of C4 • Shows intervertebral foramina _____________ from IR RAO/LAO • Pt in __________ • ____________angle • CR to the level of C4 • Shows intervertebral foramina __________ Lateral C-Spine • • • • • • Erect or X-table SID ___________ _________ shoulders with pt straight Slightly extend chin CR to thyroid cartilage (C4-6) Must visualize ___________ X-Table • • • • If pt presents with a C-spine collar _____________ __________________________ Collar must be __________ Swimmers • • • • • • If ___________not on Lateral Place pt in lateral Arm closest to ____________head Arm farthest from ____________ CR __________jugular notch May put slight _________ angle if needed.