Transcript The Foot and Lower Leg

The Foot and Lower Leg
Foot and Lower Leg
► 15%
of lower leg
injuries involve this
area
► 20,000 ankle sprains a
day in the USA
► The foot absorbs 3x
body weight during
running and jumping.
Basic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle
► Three
Arches enable us to absorb forces
 Transverse Arch
 Medial Longitudinal
Arch
 Lateral Longitudinal
Arch
The Three Arches
► Transverse
Arch
 Goes across the width
of the foot
 Comprised of the
cuneiforms (all three),
the cuboid, and the
base of the fifth
metatarsal.
The Three Arches
► Medial
longitudinal arch- the highest and
most important arch in the foot.
 Goes the length of the foot on the medial side.
 Comprised of the calcaneus, talus, navicular,
cuneiforms and the first three metatarsals.
The Three Arches
► Lateral
longitudinal arch- the arch next to
the medial one that is flatter and lower.
 Goes the length of the foot on the lateral side.
 Comprised of the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, and
the forth and fifth metatarsals.
The Foot
 The arches maintain the shape of the foot with
the help of muscles, ligaments and tendons.
 Each foot has 26 bones and 38 joints.
 There are 3 segments of the foot
►Tarsal
bones
►Midfoot Region
►Phalanges
Joints of the Ankle/Foot
► Talocrural
Joint-joint in the
ankle found between the
tibia, fibula, and talus.
Dorsi/plantar flexion
► Subtalar Joint-joint in the
ankle found between the
talus and calcaneus.
Ligaments
► Medial
Sprain
Side/Eversion
 Deltoid Ligament
 Spring LigamentAKA the Plantar
Calcaneonavicular
ligament.
Ligaments
► Lateral
Sprain
Side/Inversion
 ATF-Anterior Talofibular
Ligament
 CF-Calcaneofibular
Ligament
 PTF-Posterior
Talofibular Ligament
Bones of the Lower Leg
► Tibia-medial
bone that
transmits the weight of the
body to the talus. It has
the medial malleoli as a
landmark.
► Fibula-lateral bone that acts
as a stabilizer of the ankle
joint. It has the lateral
malleoli as a landmark.
Limited weight bearing
Muscles of the Lower Leg/Foot
► Intrinsic
Muscles-located within the foot and
cause movement of the toes.
► Extrinsic Muscles-Located outside the foot,
in the lower leg.
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Gastrocnemius-Plantar flex foot, supinates foot
Soleus-Plantar flex foot (to isolate flex knee)
Tibialis Anterior- Doriflex foot
Peroneus Longus- Evert foot, plantarflex foot