Transcript WHOLE BODY & HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS TERMINOLOGY

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Cell
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Fundamental unit of living organisms
Carry out metabolism
Specialized throughout the body
Cell membrane
Nucleus
 Chromosomes
 Genes
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Cytology (cyt/o = cell)
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Tissues
› A group of specialized cells working together
› 4 types
 Epithelial
 Muscle (voluntary, involuntary and cardiac)
 Connective
 Nerve
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Membranes
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Organs
› Structures composed of tissues working
together
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Organ (Body) Systems
› Composed of several related organs working
together to perform a complex function
Organism (example: human body)
Body system (example: digestive)
Organ (example: liver)
Tissues (example: tissues in liver)
Cell (example: cells the
make
up specific tissues)
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Anatomical Position: Reference point in
medical communication
› Directional Terms
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Anterior or ventral
Posterior or dorsal
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Bilateral
Unilateral
Deep
Superficial
Parietal
Visceral
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Body placement positions that make
examination, treatment or surgery easier
Imaginary slices through the body at specific points and in
specific directions
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Sagital plane: divides the body into two
parts lengthwise, right and left
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Frontal (or coronal) plane: divides the body
into front and back sections from top to
bottom
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Transverse plane: divides the body into
upper (superior or cephalic) and lower
(inferior or caudal) portions
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Describe actions or movements of body
parts.
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Almost always paired: Movement and its
opposite
 Abduction/Adduction
 Pronation/Supination
 Flexion/Extension
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5: Cranial, Spinal, Thoracic, Abdominal,
Pelvic
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5 Regions: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar,
Sacral, Coccyx
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Imaging permits visualization of the inside
of the body
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Used for diagnostic purposes; may also
be used to guide procedures or surgery
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Written reports in chart
› Radiology
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X-Rays
› Easy to take; good screening tools
› May be dye-enhanced
› Shades of black, white, and gray only
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Fluoroscopy
› Shows a moving image
› Useful in viewing GI tract and other mobile areas
and organs
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Sonography
› Ultrasound imaging – uses sound waves
› Can produce a moving image
› Often used to see a fetus in utero
› Electrocardiography – used to diagnose heart
problems
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Computerized Tomography (CT, CAT)
› Uses computer-generated images of
structures within the body
› Body is scanned in layers
› May use contact media or radioactive
substances to enhance pictures
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PET scan − variation
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( MRI )
› Uses a magnetic field
› Three-dimensional image seen
Surgical procedures have advanced
greatly
 Common terms
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› Anesthesia
› Dressings
› Incision
› Resection
› Tomy vs. ectomy (suffixes)
› Biopsy
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Path/o = disease
› Pathology
 Autopsy
 Biopsy
› Common terms
 Etiology
 Infection
 Epidemic