Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 5
Database Processing
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
This Could Happen to You
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Dee selected Moveable Type application
program
Needs database program to store blog
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Consultant suggested MySQL
Network standardized on Oracle
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May not be able to run Moveable Type
Will require revision of labor estimates
IT resists installing MySQL
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Study Questions
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What is the purpose of a database?
What does a database contain?
What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
What is a database application?
What is the difference between an enterprise
and a personal DBMS?
How does the knowledge in this chapter help
Dee?
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
What Is the Purpose of a Database?
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Spreadsheet and database keep track of
things
Spreadsheets
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Databases
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Keep lists of single concept
Keep lists that involve multiple themes
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
What Is a Database?
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Self-describing collection of integrated records
Hierarchy of data elements
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Bytes are grouped into columns/fields
Columns grouped into rows/records
Rows are grouped into tables/files
Collection of tables plus relationships among rows
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Also includes metadata
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Describes structure of database
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Relationships Among Records
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Values in one table may relate rows to those in other
tables
Keys
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Foreign keys
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Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside
Relational database
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Column(s) that identify unique row in table
Each table has a key
Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Example of Relationships Among
Rows
Figure 5-6
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© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Metadata
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Databases are self-describing
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Metadata
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Contain description of its content
Data that describes data
Makes databases more useful
Makes databases easier to use
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
What Is a DBMS and What Does It
Do?
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Database management system (DBMS)
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Program that creates, process, and administers
database
Usually licensed from vendors
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Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2
DBMS and database are two different things
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I
Shouldn’t
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Kelly was employed maintaining servers and
backing up database
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Made copy of database to practice with
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Accessed SQL Server metadata
Discovered tables with order data, customers,
salespeople
Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount
to a buyer that no one else was given
Mentioned it to clerk
Was terminated for accessing database
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
DBMS
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DBMS used to create tables, relationships in
databases
DBMS processes database
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Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify,
and delete data
Structured Query Language (SQL)
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International standard for processing database
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
DBMS, continued
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DBMS provides tools to assist in
administration of database
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Can be used to set up security
Used to back up data
Add structure to improve performance
Remove data
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
What Is a Database Application?
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Collection of forms, reports, queries, and
application programs that process a
database
Databases can have more then one
application
Applications can have multiple users
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
MIS in Use: Dealing with Database
Growth
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Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process
financial data
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800 concurrent users
Rapidly growing database caused performance to
decline
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One solution is to remove data
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Data retention laws compound problems
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Data still needed
Sarbanes-Oxley
SEC Rule 17-A
HIPAA
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
MIS in Use, continued
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Data Archiving
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Problem for IS technicians
Must create data archiving policy
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Policy must address legal requirements
Plan must be created for implementing policy
Data about open transactions must not be archived
Implement plan before performance problems arise
Secure and back up data archive
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Forms, Reports, and Queries
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Forms
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Reports
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Show data in structured context
May compute values
Queries
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Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data
Means of getting answers from database data
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Database Application Programs
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Forms, reports, and queries work for
standard functions
Application programs
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Process logic specific to business need
Enables database processing over Internet
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Serves as intermediary between Web server and
database
Responds to events
Reads. inserts, modifies, deletes data
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Multi-User Processing
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Common
Unique problems
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Lost-update problem
Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple
users
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Creates new set of problems
Data conflicts produce inaccurate results
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
What Is the Difference Between an
Enterprise and a Personal DBMS?
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Enterprise DBMS
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Personal DBMS
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Process large organizational and workgroup databases
Support many users
Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle
Designed for smaller, simpler database applications
Supports fewer than 100 users
Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Opposing Forces Guide: No,
Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet
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Databases take time to build
Complicated to operate
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May require use of multiple applications
Need IS people to create it and keep it running
Will share data that you may not want to expose
Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
How Does the Knowledge in This
Chapter Help Dee?
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She would know what a DBMS is and what
roles it can play
She would understand the diagram of the
role of the DBMS for her blog
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System is isolated from rest of databases
Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her
application
Was better able to present her plan to IT
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke
Active Review
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5-22
What is the purpose of a database?
What does a database contain?
What is a DBMS, and what does it do?
What is a database application?
What is the difference between an enterprise
and a personal DBMS?
How does the knowledge in this chapter help
Dee?
© 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke