Transcript cheese Reading: Mastering an Invented System

Why Fluency?
Comprehension is the goal of all reading.
“Word decoding is the ‘bottleneck’ in the meaning-making process.
When students can decode only with effort, decoding competes with
comprehension efforts for the limited capacity available for
processing of text.” (Lundberg, 2002)
Oral Language Weakness and Reading Achievement
High Oral
Language in
Kindergarten
16
15
14
(45 million words)
5.2 years
difference
Reading Age Level
13
12
Low Oral Language in
Kindergarten
11
10
(13 million words)
9
• Reading issues
in Grade 3
require
intensive
intervention
8
7
6
5
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Chronological Age
14
15
16
• 74% (Grade 3)
continue to
struggle in
Grade 9
Why is
learning to
read so
challenging?
Our Brain
Built for . . .
• pattern analysis
• adaptation and
change
(neuroplasticity)
Reading: Mastering an Invented System
Semantics
Motor
Speech
Generation
Phonology
Orthography
Reading: Mastering an Invented System
Motor
Elements of Reading Fluency
• Automaticity – from frequent pauses toward
automatic word recognition and rapid word solving
• Phrasing – from word by word toward phrasing in groups,
illustrating the use of syntactic clues (e.g., language
patterns, punctuation) and preserving meaning
• Expression – from monotone through the use of visual
cues (e.g., bold font, exclamation mark) toward a natural rise
and fall in pitch, tone and rhythm as text is read with
expressive interpretation to enhance meaning.
Modeled
Reading Fluency
• Texts read by
real people
Practice
Performance
• Multiple
readings by
student
• Multiple
assessments
It is the volume of high-success reading that determines a
student's progress in reading. R. Allington
Oral Reading Fluency - Hasbrouck & Tindal
Students scoring
10+ words below
the 50th
percentile using
the average
score of two
unpracticed
readings from
grade-level
materials need a
fluency-building
program.
RAZ-KIDS How To
Building Stamina & Fluency
• Set baseline: Find your pace.
• Read a book (at making sense speed) for 10
min.
• Record # of pages [sets baseline for indiv
reading rate]
• Multiply by 6 to get 1 hour. (eg. 6 pg x 6 = 36
pg for 1 hour).
• Double it to get expected pages/week
Student Reading Rates Record
Book
Mon
Tues
Wed
Thurs
Fri
Wk Total
Keeping
Moon
1
32
61
90
112
111
Paper
Towns
12
40
196
305
23
11
Totals
122
Word Study
• Words Their Way – Invernizzi, Bear, Templeton
• Approach to spelling and word knowledge
teaches students to examine words to
discover regularities, patterns and
conventions
• Number of words used surpasses traditional
word spelling programs