Transcript Phonics and the links to Early Reading and Writing

Phonics
and the links to
Early Reading
and
Writing
Aims:
• To increase knowledge of phonics
• Make links between phonics and early reading
and writing
Reading has two components
Word Recognition
Comprehension
The ability to recognise
words presented in and out
of context.
The process by which word
information, sentences and
discourse are interpreted.
The ability to apply phonic
rules - blending phonemes to
decode.
The same processes underlie
comprehension of both oral and
written language.
High quality phonics work –
prime approach for beginners
in learning to decode and
encode.
Continues to develop throughout
life!
So we need
to….
• focus clearly on developing word
recognition skills through
– Phoneme awareness and phonics teaching
– Repetition and teaching of ‘tricky’ words
• focus clearly on developing language
comprehension through
– Talking with children
– Reading to children
– Teaching comprehension strategies
Knowledge
Phonics consist of
• Identifying sounds in spoken words
(phonemes)
• Recognising the common spellings of
each phoneme (grapheme)
• Blending phonemes into words for
reading
• Segmenting words into phonemes for
spelling
Saying the Sounds
• The pronunciation has to be precise
• No Schwa!
Let’s Practise:
/a/ /t/ /ch/ /s/ /e/
/b/ /p/
/r/ -at the beginning /at the end)
Blending for Reading
back
part
chip
train
spelling
look
A Phoneme Frame
Segmenting for spelling
Say the word
Split it into phonemes
Write the graphemes into the boxes
Some definitions
• A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a
word.
• A Grapheme: Letter(s) representing a
phoneme.
t
ai
igh
• A Digraph: Two letters, which make one
phoneme.
ai
oa
sh
More definitions
• A consonant digraph contains 2 consonants:
sh
ck
th
ll
• A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel:
ai
ee
ar
oy
• A split digraph contains a vowel digraph split by a
consonant:
a-e
i-e
e-e
o-e u-e
• A cvc word is a word that contains a consonant,
vowel and a consonant.
mud pin
duck church
Split Vowel Digraph
vowel digraphs: 2 adjacent letters but only 1
sound
Split digraph: vowel digraph separated by a
consonant
• long a represented by /ae/
long e /ee/ long i /ie/ long o /oe/
long u /ue/
• same vowel digraph in tie and time
• time the i-e are split apart by a consonant so
we call it a split digraph
tie
thee
=
=
time
toe
=
tone
these
cue
=
cube
ae = no letter combination in English but use is
made of split digraph, e.g.
cave
rake
A basic principle
The same phoneme can be represented in more
than one way:
– burn
– First
– term
– Heard
– work
The same grapheme can sound
different in different words
ant
table
raft
many
wash
above
a
ai
ar
e
o
u
Phonemes and graphemes
• There are 44 phonemes in the English
language.
• There are over 140 ways of writing the 44
phonemes using 26 letters.
• Having a good knowledge of these is key in
developing children’s phonic acquisition as
application for blending phonemes for reading
and segmenting phonemes for writing.
Quality Phonic Teaching should:
• Give children the skills to discriminate sounds
• Use plenty of oral blending and segmenting
• Use phonics as the prime approach for tackling
unfamiliar words
• Engage children and be fully participatory
• Demonstrate correct enunciation of phonemes
• Include both blending for reading and
segmenting for writing
• Introduce phonics in a rational progression
• Be multi-sensory but tightly focused on the
learning goal
How many phonemes?
fin
3
f/i/n
Shop
3
sh / o / p
bridge
4
b / r / i / dge
catch
3
c / a / tch
daughter
4
d / augh / t / er
Let’s think of some playful/interesting
ways of teaching phonics!!!
• Quick fire revision (tricky words or graphemes)
• Letters in a bag
• Writing big letters in the air/on your
partner’s back
• Writing on your own whiteboard
• Making words with your friends (big and small)
• Finding objects that start with……..
• Fred talk
• Words in the sand/real or made up