Transcript phoneme
Foniks or Phonics? Wellcum too the fonicks wurckshop. I hoap theat yoo ar beegining two undirstand hou a chighld fealls wen thai ar lerning tue reed. Welcome to the phonics workshop. I hope that you are beginning to understand how a child feels when they are learning to read. Phonics at a glance phonics is made up of skills of segmentation and blending + knowledge of the alphabetic code Some definitions A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound in a word. Grapheme: Letter(s) representing a phoneme. t ai igh Phonics consists of: • identifying sounds in spoken words • recognising the common spellings of each phoneme • blending phonemes into words for reading • segmenting words into phonemes for spelling Phonemes and graphemes • Phonemes are represented by graphemes. • A grapheme may consist of one (t), two (kn) or more letters (igh). • A phoneme can be represented/spelt in more than one way: cat, kennel, choir. • The same grapheme may represent more than one phoneme: me, met. Enunciation • Teaching phonics requires a technical skill in enunciation • Phonemes should be articulated clearly and precisely Letters and Sounds: The phonics resource for EYFS & KS1 Six phase teaching programme Colour codes Children working securely and consistently at Phase 3 by end YR Beginning Y2 and continuing into KS2 Children working securely and consistently at Phase 5 by end of Y1 SPELLING rules and strategies throughout KS2 Phase 6 Working on: Reading phonically decodable two-syllable and three-syllable words. Working on: Using alternative ways of pronouncing and spelling the graphemes corresponding to the long vowel phonemes. Working on: Spelling complex words using phonically plausible attempts. Phase 5 Phase 4 Working on: Recognising phonic irregularities. and becoming more secure with less common grapheme-phoneme correspondences Work ing on: Applying phonic skills and k nowledge to recognise and spell an increasing number Working on: Segmenting adjacent consonants in words and apply this in spelling. Working on: Blending adjacent consonants in words and applying this skill when reading unfamiliar texts. Working on: Knowing one grapheme for each of the 43 phonemes Working on: Reading and spelling a wide range of CVC words using all letters and less frequent consonant digraphs and some long vowel phonemes.Graphemes: ear, air, ure, er, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ai, ee, igh, oa, oo Phase 3 Working on: Reading and spelling CVC words using a wider range of letters, short vowels, some consonant digraphs and double letters.Consonant digraphs ch, sh, th, ng Working on: Reading and spelling CVC words using letters and short vowels.Letter progression Set 7: y, z, zz, Phase 2 Phase 1 qu Set 6: j, v, w, x Working on: Using common consonants and vowels Blending for reading and segmenting for spelling simple CVC words. Working on: Knowing that words are constructed from phonemes and that phonemes are represented by graphemes. Letter progression: Set 1: s, a, t, p Set 2: i, n, m, d Set 3: g, o, c, kSet 4: ck, e, u, r Set 5: h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss Phase 1 continuous through Phase 2 – 6 Paving the way Working on: Showing awareness of rhyme and alliteration, distinguishing between different sounds in the environment and phonemes, exploring and experimenting with sounds and words and discriminating speech sounds in words. Beginning to orally blend and segment phonemes. Some definitions Blending: Recognising the letter-sounds in a written word, for example c-u-p, sh-ee-p and merging or synthesising them in the order in which they are written to pronounce the words ‘cup’ and ‘sheep’. Some definitions Segmenting: • Identifying the individual sounds in a spoken word (eg h-i-m, s-tor-k) and writing down or manipulating letters for each sound (phoneme) to form the word ‘him’ or ‘stork’. Segmenting How many phonemes? WORD cup rain sheep blink straw straight PHONEMES Segmenting WORD PHONEMES cup c u p rain r ai n sheep sh ee p blink b l i n straw s t r aw straight s t r aigh k t Some definitions Digraph: Two letters, which make one phoneme. A consonant digraph contains two consonants: sh ck th ll ch A vowel digraph contains at least one vowel: ai ee ar oy Consonant digraphs ll ss ff zz hill, mess, puff, fizz sh ch th wh ship, chat, thin, whip ng qu ck sing, quick Some definitions Split digraph: • A digraph in which the two letters are not adjacent – e.g. make Some definitions Trigraph: Three letters, which make one phoneme. igh dge Model for daily discrete teaching of phonic skills and knowledge REVISIT AND REVIEW Recently and previously learned grapheme-phoneme correspondences, or blending and segmenting skills as appropriate TEACH New grapheme-phoneme correspondences; skills of blending and segmenting PRACTISE New grapheme-phoneme correspondences; skills of blending and segmenting APPLY New knowledge and skills while reading/writing