Transcript Integumentary System

Integumentary System
Chapter 5
Skin Color
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Cyanosis-blue-lack of oxygen
Pallor/blanching-pale-lack of blood flow, low blood pressure
Jaundice-yellow/liver disorder
Bruises-black, blue-blood has escaped + clotted in tissue spaces.
(Called hematoma) Lack of Vit. C can also cause easy bruising b/c
it strengthens walls of capillaries/blood vessels
5. Carotene-yellow/orange color
Skin Color contd.
• Freckles- melanin accumulation
• Age spots (liver spots)-accumulation of melanin with age
• Nevus (mole)- round, flat, or raised area that develops in
childhood.
• Albinism-inability to produce melanin
Skin Appendages
1. Sebaceous glands-secretes oil/found around hair
follicles
• Sebum- oil- keeps skin soft
• Acne-overactive sebaceous glands due to hormones
• Whitehead- sebaceous gland blocked by sebum WBC
rush in
Skin Appendages contd.
• Blackhead – when the material from whitehead oxidizes,
dries, and hardens
• Boil- where hair follicle becomes inflamed/infected + pus
accumulates under skin. Bacteria has gotten into pore.
• Carbuncle- several boils together
• Seborrhea- (cradle cap) yellow, brown crust on head
Appendages Contd.
2. Sweat Glands
• Eccrine-produce sweat, which is made up of water, salt,
vit. C, traces of ammonia, urea, and lactic acid
• Apocrine- larger than eccrine and empties into hair
follicles. Contains fatty acids, proteins, + substances in
eccrines. Usually yellow in color. Activate during puberty
3. Ceruminous glands- ear – secretes cerumen (ear wax)
4. Hair/Nails- hair everywhere on body except palms of hands, soles
of feet, nipples, lips. You are born with all hair follicles. Has 3 main
parts
• Medulla
• Cortex
• Cuticle-lots of keratin
Hair contd.
• Cuticle undergoes lots of abrasion = split ends
• Arrector pili muscle- contracts and causes hair to stand
• Alopecia = hair loss
• Gray hair = lack of melanin
Nails
• Nonliving material
• Modified epidermis
• Keratinized cells
• Lanula = white moon shape
• Normal color = pink, Cyanotic = low oxygen
Burns
• Tissue Damage + cell death due to intense heat, UV,
electricity, or chemicals
1. Body loses fluids-dehydration
2. Infection can occur
3. Immune system becomes depressed
Degrees of burns
• 1st degree- red and swollen
• 2nd degree- red, painful, blisters
• 3rd degree-entire thickness burned, grafting
Skin Cancer
• Causes of cancer are unknown. Believed to be overexposure to UV
light, skin infections, chemicals, or trauma. 3 types:
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma- least threatening, slow growing, shiny,
dome-shaped, 78% of cases
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma-scaly, red on scalp, ears, hands, raised
border, 20% of cases
3. Malignant Melanoma- most-threatening, spreading brown/black
pattern, 2% of cases
“ABCD” rule for recognizing skin cancer
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“A” Asymmetry- sides don’t match
“B” Border-irregularity, borders not smooth
“C” Color-different colors
“D” Diameter-larger than the size of a pencil eraser
Cosmetic Anti-aging treatments for skin
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Microdermabrasion-tiny crystals under pressure
Chemical peel-glycolic acid
Laser resurfacing
Dermal fillers-collagen
Botox-botulism (diluted)
Facelift, brow lift, neck lift = skin removed
Topical ointments- retinol