Transcript Skins!
CHAPTER 5 Integumentary System Common Abbreviations Bx, bx: Decub: Derm: FS: SC: TENS: UV: Biopsy Decubitus (ulcer) Dermatology Frozen Section Subcutaneous Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Ultraviolet (light) The word “Integumentary” comes from the Latin word tegere, which means to cover. The skin, hair and nails cover up and protect what’s inside the body. Video on Skin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ana tomyvideos/000029.htm The study of the skin is called: Dermatology The physician who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases/disorders: Dermatologist Integumentary System includes: Skin (also called Integument or cutaneous membrane) Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer Accessory structures Hair Nails Glands Textbook Challenge: Find 2 major functions of the SKIN- Go! Protects body against invasion by microorganisms Regulates body temperature Serves as sensory receptor for sensations Provides elimination of body wastes 1st step in synthesis of Vitamin D Skin Lesions: A lesion is a region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury or disease TYPES OF SKIN LESIONS Abrasion Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area • Example: carpet burn Abscess Localized collection of pus in any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria • Example: pustule = small abscess Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bedsore (also called pressure sore) Ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence Example: decubitus ulcer Blister Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid Also known as a vesicle Bulla Large blister Carbuncle Circumscribed inflammation of skin and deeper tissues; contains pus Cyst Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin; contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material • Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst • Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst Other Skin Lesions • Hives – Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on skin; paler in center than surrounding edges – Also called wheals • Example: mosquito bite • Laceration – Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound Other Skin Conditions Albinism A Condition characterized by the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes Burns Tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases Extent of damage determined by: Mode and duration of exposure Thermal intensity or temperature Anatomic site of the burn Burns • First-degree or superficial burns – Example: sunburn • Second-degree or partial-thickness burns – Example: flash contact with hot objects • Third-degree or full-thickness burns – Example: deep burns from a fire 3rd Degree Burn Dermatitis – Inflammation of skin, seen in several different forms – Acute or chronic – Contact or seborrheic Eczema Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching Gangrene Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor Herpes Zoster Acute viral infection, characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves – Highest incidence in adults over 50 Impetigo Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria *Usually forming on the face Nevus Visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders *Commonly known as a mole Onychocryptosis – Ingrown nail • Most commonly involves the large toe • Onych/o = nails • Crypt/o = hidden • -osis= condition Onychomycosis – Fungal infection of the nails • Onych/o = nails • Myc/o = fungus • -osis= condition Petechiae, Purpura or Ecchymosis? These three skin conditions are quite similar and generally result from one of the following: (1) Trauma (2) Systemic disease (3) Blood dyscrasias (from clotting factor and/or fewer platelets) Petechiae, Purpura or Ecchymosis? Differences include: Petechiae are the smallest; pinpoint hemorrhages Purpura are larger than Petechiae, but less than 1 cm in size Ecchymosis are larger hemorrhagic spots that measure over 1 cm in size Rosacea – Chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face • Characterized by persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks Scabies – Highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the “human itch mite” – Resulting in a rash, pruritus, and a feeling in the skin of “something crawling” Scabies (human itch mite) DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES Integumentary System Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Allergy testing – Various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen • Cautery – Heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin Allergy Testing Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Cryosurgery – Noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy tissue Crysurgery Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Debridement – Removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing • Dermabrasion – Removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes in order to eliminate superficial scars of unwanted tattoos Surgical Debridement Maggot Debridement Therapy Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Skin graft – Process of placing tissue on a recipient site, taken from a donor site, in order to provide the protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin Skin Graft Pronunciation Practice • • • • • • • • • Biopsy Dermatology Subcutaneous Integumentary Epidermis Abrasion Abscess Albinism Dermatitis • • • • • • • Herpes Zoster Impetigo Rosacea Scabies Cryosurgery Debridement Dermabrasion Textbook Exercise Please turn to Pg. 143. Let’s do Exercise “K” together as a class.