Transcript Nutritional Diets

Nutritional Diets
Food Allergy - Terminology
• Food intolerance or adverse food
reactions account for 1 to 6% of all
dermatoses in general practice. No
immunological reaction
• Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of
allergic responses in dogs and cats
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs
• Canines:
– Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): feet, axillae,
inguinal
– Alopecia
– hyperpigmentation
– Chronic otitis externa
– Peri-ocular dermatitis, Pododermatitis, anal
sacculitis
– Few have vomiting and diarrhea
Food Allergy
Hyperpigmentation
Lichenification:
Dff: All chronic and
pruritic skin diseases
Otitis externa
Food Allergy
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs
– Felines
– Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): head and neck
– Alopecia
– Miliary dermatitis
– Ulcerative dermatitis
– Many have vomiting and diarrhea
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy - Allergen
• Protein: 18-36,000
Dalton's average
molecular weight
• Canine: Beef, dairy
products, soy, chicken
• Feline: Beef, dairy
products, soy, fish
Food Allergy - Diets
• Protein: Novel or hydrolyzed
– fish, rabbit, lamb, venison
• Carbohydrate: Single easily digestible
– rice, potatoes, barley, oats
• Fats
– Omega 3 and 6
• Vitamins
– A and E
• Minerals
– Zn
Food Allergy - Diagnosis
• FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL
• The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for 6090 days.
• This allows the body to become desensitized
to the offending allergens.
• When the previous diet is fed back to the pet,
an acute hypersensitivity reaction may occur.
• This helps to identify that a food was the
source of the allergic signs
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins
– Novel proteins
• Hills d/d
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins
Fish and Potato
Food Allergy – Hydrolyzed Proteins
• Z/D: Less than 18,000
dalton
• Ultra z/d: less than 3,000
dalton
Hydrolyzed chicken
Food allergy: Challenging
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
• Definition: Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism caused by an absolute or
relative insulin deficiency
• Type I –very low or absent insulin secretory
ability
• Type II – inadequate or delayed insulin
secretion relative to the needs of the patient
– More common in cats
Diabetes Mellitus
• Signalment: older patients, obese, top 3
disease in older cats
• Clinical signs: polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia, weight loss, cataracts – dogs,
Plantigrade stance (neuropathy) - cats
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
• Treatment options
– Insulin
– Oral hypoglycemic
drugs
– Dietary
management
• Frequent meals
Diabetes Mellitus
• Dietary GOALS
– Stabilize blood glucose levels
– Minimize hyperglycemia
– Prevent hypoglycemia
– Prevent or delay long term effects of the
disease
– Achieve and maintain an ideal body
condition
Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs
• Carbohydrate
– Complex
– Fiber: High
• Slows digestion, reduces the
post-prandial glucose spike,
promotes weight loss,
reduces risk of pancreatitis
–Vitamin E
–Hill’s R/D or W/D
Diabetes Mellitus - Cats
• Protein: high
• Carbohydrate: Low
– Cats use protein as their primary source of
energy – blood glucose is maintained
primarily through liver metabolism of fats
and proteins
• Purina DM, Hill’s M/D
• Often a diet change in cats can dramatically
reduce or eliminate the need for insulin
70% of cats and 80% of dogs
have periodontal disease. It is the
most common health problem in
pets. A difference in the oral pH
causes plaque and tartar to build
up 5 times quicker than in humans
Calculus is mineralized plaque and can
only be removed by mechanical action.
The shape and density of the dental diets
promotes chewing action that creates the
abrasion of the bacteria and helps to slow
plaque and calculus buildup.
Unique kibble scrubs away laden plaque in
the mouth to promote systemic health
Clinically proven to reduce plaque, stain and
tartar buildup
Reduces bad breath
Added antioxidants to control cell oxidation
and promote a healthy immune system
Awarded the Veterinary Oral Health Council
(VOHC) Seal of Acceptance for helping reduce
both plaque and tartar accumulation
Optimal kibble size
Patented kibble texture
Added antioxidants A and E
Natural source of glucosamine
Moderate calories
Exceptional palatability
Perfect solution for everyday feeding of
adult and senior dogs
Canine Dental Chewz™ are a perfect
complement when using the DH
Formula.
Urinary tract health:
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is frequently seen in cats. This is
a serious problem, especially in males. Unfortunately many cat owners do not
realize their pet has FLUTD until the signs are severe. The term FLUTD is
commonly used to descibe a group of diseases of the feline ureters, urinary
bladder and/or urethra. They are often grouped together because they share
similar clinical signs including
Hematuria: bloody urine
Dysuria: difficult urination
Stranguria: slow or painful urination
Pollakiuria: abnormally frequent urination
Inappropriate urination (periuria)
Partial or complete urethral blockage
The most common types of FLUTD are
Idiopathic cystitis
Urethral obstruction
Urolithiasis: fomation of calculi (stones) in the bladder
Idiopathic cystitis:
The most common diagnosis in cats with FLUTD. It is a painful, chronic,
noninfectious inflammatory bladder condition that can not be attributed to a
specific underlying cause. It typically affects cats 2 – 7 years of age.
Dysuria and hematuria are the most common signs and clinical signs
resolve in 4 – 7 days regardless of treatment. Signs may reoccur
unpredictably. Stress appears to worsen clinical signs.
Urolithiasis:
Urinary stones can for in the urinary tract and cause signs of FLUTD. These
stones consist of minerals plus a protein matrix. The most common types
seen are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and calcium oxilate.
The bladder is the most common location although they may be present
anywhere in the urinary tract. Struvites stones are normally round to oval and
have smooth edges. Females are more likely to develop struvite stones
formed in basic urine pH. Calcium oxilate can also be found in the kidneys are
hard with sharp, jagged edges formed in acidic urine pH. Males are more
likely to develop calcium oxilate.
Urethral obstruction:
Urethral plugs are the most common cause of urethral obstruction in males.
Uroliths and plugs are not the same. Urethral plugs are unorganized masses
of mucus like protein containing varying amounts of minerals and cell debris.
References
• Miss Huff’s personal notes
• http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=652
• http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swineclass/PDF/Companion%20
Animal%20Nutrition_1.pdf
• Won-Seok Oh, DVM, PhD, Nutrition and Canine Skin Barrier,
World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress
Proceedings, 2011
• Case, L. et.al. 2000. 2nd edition. Canine and Feline Nutrition
• Dr. Ralf S. Mueller, Dermatology for the Small Animal
Practitioner