Transcript Nutritional Diets - Catherine Huff's Site

Nutritional Diets
Food Allergy and Diabetes Diets
Food Allergy - Terminology
• Food intolerance or adverse food
reactions account for 1 to 6% of all
dermatoses in general practice. No
immunological reaction
• Food allergy constitutes 10 to 49% of
allergic responses in dogs and cats
Food Allergy - MOA
• Food allergy and food hypersensitivity:
3rd after atopy and FAD
–Immune mediated
• Type I hypersensitivity IgE binds
with the antigen > mast cells to
release chemicals
• Type III hypersensitivity: GI signs
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs
• Canines:
– Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): feet, axillae,
inguinal
– Alopecia
– Lichenification, hyperpigmentation
– Blepharitis
– Urticaria
– Chronic otitis externa
– Peri-ocular dermatitis, Pododermatitis, anal
sacculitis
– Few have vomiting and diarrhea
Food Allergy
Hyperpigmentation
Lichenification:
Dff: All chronic and
pruritic skin diseases
Otitis externa
Food Allergy
Food Allergy – Clinical Signs
– Felines
– Intense Pruritus (nonseasonal): head and neck
– Alopecia
– Miliary dermatitis
– Ulcerative dermatitis
– Many have vomiting and diarrhea
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy
Food Allergy - Allergen
• Protein: 18-36,000
Dalton's average
molecular weight
• Proteins, lipoproteins,
glycoproteins,
polypeptides
• Canine: Beef, dairy
products, soy, chicken
• Feline: Beef, dairy
products, soy, fish
Food Allergy - Diets
• Protein: Novel or hydrolyzed
– fish, rabbit, lamb, venison
• Carbohydrate: Single easily digestible
– rice, potatoes, barley, oats
• Fats
– Omega 3 and 6
• Vitamins
– A and E
• Minerals
– Zn
Food Allergy - Diagnosis
• FOOD ELIMINATION TRIAL
• The patient is fed a hypoallergenic diet for 6090 days.
• This allows the body to become desensitized
to the offending allergens.
• When the previous diet is fed back to the pet,
an acute hypersensitivity reaction may occur.
• This helps to identify that a food was the
source of the allergic signs
Food allergy – Diets available
Royal Canin
• -Hypoallergenic HP – hydrolyzed
protein
• -Sensitivity RC – novel foods
• -Sensitivity LR – novel foods
• -Skin Support SS – novel food
• -Potato and Duck – novel food
• -Potato and Rabbit – novel food
• -Potato and Whitefish – novel food
• -Potato and Venison – novel food
Hills
• -d/d Duck – single novel protein
• -d/d Lamb – single novel protein
• -d/d Potato and Duck – single novel
protein
• -d/d Potato and Salmon – single novel
protein
• -d/d Potato and Venison – single novel
protein
• -d/d Rice and Egg – single novel protein
• -d/d Salmon – single novel protein
• -d/d Venison – single novel protein
• -z/d low allergen – hydrolyzed protein
• -z-d Ultra allergen free – hydrolyzed
protein
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins
– Novel proteins
• Hills d/d
Food Allergy – Novel Proteins
Fish and Potato
Food Allergy – Hydrolyzed Proteins
• Z/D: Less than 18,000
dalton
• Ultra z/d: less than 3,000
dalton
Hydrolyzed chicken
Food allergy: Challenging
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus - MOA
Diabetes Mellitus
• Definition: Disorder of carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism caused by an absolute or
relative insulin deficiency
• Type I – Insulin Dependent DM – very low or
absent insulin secretory ability
• Type II – Non insulin dependent DM (insulin
insensitivity) – inadequate or delayed insulin
secretion relative to the needs of the patient
– More common in cats
Diabetes Mellitus
• Signalment: older patients, obese, top 3
disease in older cats
• Clinical signs: polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia, weight loose, cataracts – dogs,
Plantigrade stance (neuropathy) - cats
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
• Diagnosis
– Chemistry screen: hyperglycemia
– Urinalysis: glycosuria
Diabetes Mellitus
• Treatment options
– Insulin
– Oral hypoglycemic
drugs
– Dietary
management
• Frequent meals
Diabetes Mellitus
• Dietary GOALS
– Stabilize blood glucose levels
– Minimize postprandial hyperglycemia
– Prevent hypoglycemia
– Prevent or delay long term effects of the
disease
– Achieve and maintain an ideal body
condition
Diabetes Mellitus - Dogs
• Carbohydrate
– Complex
– Fiber: High
• Slows digestion, reduces the
post-prandial glucose spike,
promotes weight loss,
reduces risk of pancreatitis
–Vitamin E
–Hill’s R/D or W/D
Diabetes Mellitus - Cats
• Protein: high
• Carbohydrate: Low
– Cats use protein as their primary source of
energy – blood glucose is maintained
primarily through liver metabolism of fats
and proteins
• Purina DM, Hill’s M/D
• Often a diet change in cats can dramatically
reduce or eliminate the need for insulin
• this is particularly true for type II
References
• Miss Huff’s personal notes
• http://www.veterinarypartner.com/Content.plx?P=A&A=652
• http://www.ansc.purdue.edu/swineclass/PDF/Companion%20
Animal%20Nutrition_1.pdf
• Won-Seok Oh, DVM, PhD, Nutrition and Canine Skin Barrier,
World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress
Proceedings, 2011
• Case, L. et.al. 2000. 2nd edition. Canine and Feline Nutrition
• Dr. Ralf S. Mueller, Dermatology for the Small Animal
Practitioner