Transcript Chapter 13
Your Body and How It Functions Overview of the Body The health care worker assists people who are ill, injured, or seeking a healthy lifestyle. Understanding the body’s structure and functions provides the health care worker with the basic knowledge necessary to help each person reach his or her goal. When you understand normal body functions you will recognize disease processes. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 3 Match key terms with their correct meanings. List seven cell functions. Identify three main parts of the cell and explain their functions. Describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body. Identify terms relating to the body. Label a diagram of the body cavities. Explain why health care workers must have a basic knowledge of body structures and how they function. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 4 Building block of the body Microscopic So small that they can be seen only with the aid of a microscope Reproduces, grows, uses oxygen and nutrients, digests food, eliminates waste, produces heat and energy, able to move around Structure of the cell includes: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 5 Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 9 Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 11 Figure 2.4 – The planes of the body: sagittal plane, frontal plane, and transverse plane. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 13 Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 15 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The anatomical divisions of the abdomen. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The clinical divisions of the abdomen. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. The Integumentary System In this section, you will learn about the integumentary system, which is commonly known as the skin. This system forms a protective barrier around the organs of the body. It keeps out pathogens and prevents injury to internal organs. It helps to regulate body temperature and eliminates wastes through sweat glands. The integumentary system also senses stimuli, which allows the body to react to changing environmental conditions. As a health care worker, you should know the structure and functions of the integumentary system in order to treat disorders that may damage skin and make the body more vulnerable to injury or disease. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 22 Match key terms with their correct meanings. Label a diagram of a cross section of skin. List the five main functions of skin. Identify three main layers of the skin. Match common disorders of the integumentary system with their descriptions. Describe how the integumentary system protects the body. Explain why the health care worker’s understanding of the integumentary system is important. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 23 Skins is the body’s largest organ and is the first line of defense against infection Functions of skin: Protect the underlying body parts from injury and the invasion of pathogens Regulate body temperature by controlling the loss of body heat Eliminate wastes through perspiration Store energy in the form of fat and vitamins Sense touch, heat, cold, pain, and pressure through receptors Produce vitamin D Skin is made up of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 24 Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 26 Skin structure, including the three layers of the skin and the accessory organs: sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Structure of a hair and its associated sebaceous gland. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 28 Structure of a hair and its associated sebaceous gland. Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. dermatosis - any skin condition eczema - condition in which reddened areas appear on the surface of the skin athlete’s foot - condition caused by a fungus boils - localized swelling and inflammation of the skin caused by bacteria entering the hair follicles or sebaceous glands skin cancer - rapid growth of cells on the skin that can invade blood vessels, lymph glands, and connecting ducts acne - inflammation of the sebaceous gland alopecia - baldness ceraceous – wax-like in appearance ceroma - tumor of waxy appearance debridement - removal of dead tissue dermatitis - inflammation of the skin desquamation - shedding skin in scales, sheets erythema - redness of the skin keloid - excessive scarring, resembling a tumor keratoderma - scaly skin keratogenesis - formation of scaly skin pustule - elevation of skin filled with pus scleroderma - hardened, thickened skin sebaceous - pertaining to oily, fatty matter from the sebaceous gland sebolith - stone in a sebaceous gland seborrhea - excessive discharge of sebum squamous – plate-like, scaly urticaria - itching wheals on the derma; hives Dermatologist Physician trained to treat conditions and diseases of the skin, hair, and nails Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 33 epidermis sloughed Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 34