Transcript Integumentary System

Integumentary System
11th Grade Health
5 Functions of the Skin
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Protection
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Regulates Body Temperature
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1st line of defense from infections for our immune system
When internal body temperatures rise, the blood flow
increases near the surface allowing heat to escape (causes
sweating)
Subcutaneous fat layer insulates our bodies which keeps it
warm
Produces Vitamin D
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helps bones absorb calcium keeping them strong
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Sense of Touch
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Nerve receptors in the dermis help us
detect pain, temperature, texture, and
pressure
Waste Exchange
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Sweat glands in the skin release waste in
the sweat
3 Layers of Skin
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Epidermis
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1st layer of skin
Outside layer, very thin
Made of dead and dying skin cells
Contains melanin- gives skin color
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Dermis
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2nd layer of skin
Under the epidermis, thick layer
Made of living cells
Includes hair follicles, sweat glands, nerve
endings, blood vessels, sebaceous oils
glands, and pores
Contains over 3 million sweat glands that
help regulate body temperature
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Subcutaneous
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3rd layer of skin
Layer of fat under the dermis
Storage of fat
Storehouse for extra energy for the body
Helps pad the body and keep it warm
Burns
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1st Degree
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2nd Degree
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Epidermis
Redness at sight of burn
Somewhat painful (sunburn)
Epidermis and/or dermis blisters
Blotches
Painful
3rd Degree
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All layers of skin as well as muscle, nerves, fat and bone
Brown or black coloring
Either very painful or not at all – most deadly
Treatment of Burns
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1st Degree
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2nd Degree
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Use cool cloths on burned areas
Take frequent cool showers or baths
Apply soothing lotions that contain aloe vera to burned areas to relieve pain and
swelling
Rinse burned skin with cool water until the pain stops
Rinsing will usually stop the pain in 15 to 30 minutes
Do not use ice or ice water, which can cause tissue damage
3rd Degree
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Call 911 immediately
Raise the injury above your heart
Don’t get undressed, but make sure no clothing is stuck to the burn
DO NOT apply cool water to 3rd degree burn
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Can cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia) or a drop in blood pressure and decreased blood
flow (shock).
Skin Cancer
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Skin cancer is the most common of all human cancers,
with over 1 million people in the U.S. diagnosed each year
with some type of the disease.
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The abnormal growth of skin cells
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Most often develops on skin exposed to the sun
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Can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily
exposed to sunlight
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You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by limiting or
avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help
detect skin cancer at its earliest stages.
Early detection of skin cancer gives you the greatest
chance for successful skin cancer treatment.
Basal cell carcinoma
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Usually occurs in sun-exposed areas of your body,
such as your neck or face.
May appear as:
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Pearly or waxy bump
Flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion
Moles and small growths; least dangerous
Squamous cell carcinoma
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Occurs on sun-exposed areas of your body, such as your
face, ears and hands.
People with darker skin are more likely to develop
squamous cell carcinoma on areas that aren't often
exposed to the sun.
Squamous cell carcinoma may appear as:
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Firm, red nodule
Flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface
Larger area affected; similar to basal cell
Melanoma
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Can develop anywhere on your body, in otherwise normal
skin or in an existing mole that becomes cancerous.
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Can occur on skin that hasn't been exposed to the sun.
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Most severe; often deadly since it spreads easily
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Melanoma signs include:
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A large brownish spot with darker speckles
A mole that changes in color, size or feel or that bleeds
A small lesion with an irregular border and portions that appear red, white,
blue or blue-black
Cancer Warning for Skin
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(A) Asymmetry – unevenness of mole
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(B) Border – blurred, notched, scalloped or indistinct
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(C) Color – more than just brown- blue/black/red and white
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(D) Diameter – larger than 6 mm report to doctor
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(E) Evolving - looks different from the rest or is changing in
size, shape or color.
Visuals - Skin Cancer Signs
Five Types of Skin Injuries
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Cut/laceration/incision
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Scrape/abrasion
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A skin wound with separation of the connective tissue elements
None of the skin is missing, the skin is just separated
Caused by a sharp object (such as a knife or a shard of glass)
A shallow scrape on the skin surface
Most commonly found on the hands, elbows, or knees
Exposes millions of nerve endings, it can be very painful
Other terms for an abrasion include a scrape, a rug burn, a road rash, or a
strawberry.
Avulsion (flap of skin/tissue)
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a wound where tissue is not just separated but torn away from the body
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Puncture
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Caused by an object piercing the skin and creating a small hole.
Some punctures are just on the surface. Others can be very deep,
depending on the source and cause.
Bruise
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A common skin discoloration that results from the breakage of tiny blood
vessels leaking under the skin after a traumatic injury.
Typically recognized as a black and blue mark
Also known as a contusion
Basic First Aid
for Open Wounds
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1. Cover the wound – a clean cloth over the wound
will help protect against infection (replace with new
cloth periodically)
2. Stop the bleeding – apply direct pressure with a
thick clean cloth (using latex gloves if possible). Use
tourniquet if bleeding is severe.
3. Elevate the wound above heart– use gravity to
slow down the blood loss
4. Pressure Point – Used if direct pressure along with
elevation don’t work.
Poisoning
Snake and Spider Bites
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Call 911
Keep victim still – venom will spread
slower
Keep bitten area below heart
Delay spread of venom – don’t put anything
cold on bite or use aspirin
Contact of Plants (Poison Ivy, etc.)
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Remove infected clothing
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Wash with large amounts of soap and water
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Soothe itching with calamine lotion
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If severe, seek medical attention
Relation to Other Body
Systems
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Nervous – sense of touch (pressure, pain,
hot, cold)
Excretory – remove excess water waste
through pores
Lymphatic – first line of defense against
pathogens