Transcript Health benefits of green tea

PM 236 DIETARY
SUPPLEMENT IN DAILY LIFE
Dietary supplement derived from
plants: green vegetable, cereals, nuts,
beans, garlic, green tea, coffee
Assoc. Prof. Jinda Wangboonskul, Ph.D.
January 2017
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OBJECTIVES
To know the health benefits of
green vegetables, cereals, nuts,
beans, garlic, green tea and
coffee.
To know the role in the treatment
of diseases of green vegetables,
cereals, nuts, beans, garlic, green
tea and coffee.
To know the harms that may be
caused to the health from green
vegetables, cereals, nuts, beans,
garlic, green tea and coffee.
To know how to select good
quality of green vegetables,
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HEALTH BENEFITS OF GREEN
VEGETABLES
Dietary fibre: is the indigestible portion of food
derived from vegetables. It will increase bulk and
soften stool.
Elements: potassium, magnesium, sodium are
essential elements involving the function of blood
circulation and the strength of the muscles. Dark
green vegetables contain high level of iron which
is important for erythropoiesis and to prevent
anemia.
Beta carotene: delay the aging and is anti-cancer
agent.
Vitamin C: Increase the performance of white
blood cells, reduce allergy symptoms. Prevent the
CHLOROPHYLL
Chlorophyll is a green
pigment, present in all
green vegetables,
responsible for the
absorption of light to
provide energy for
photosynthesis. Its
molecule contains a
magnesium atom held
in a porphyrin ring.
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CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES:
BRASSICA OLERACEA
Cabbage
Cauliflower
Broccoli
Chinese kale
Iceberg lettuce
Lettuce
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CRUCIFEROUS VEGETABLES
Contain low fat so give low energy but contain
high levels of vitamins, minerals and fibre.
It contains glucosinolates which is a group of
secondary plant metabolites. It will be
hydrolyzed into isothiocyanate compounds i.e.
phenylethyl isothiocynate, sulforaphane,
indole-3-carbinol which show wide range of
bioactivities, particular anti-carcinogen activity.
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DARK GREEN VEGETABLES
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.),
Chinese kale, Broccoli
Its contains carotenoids (yellow
color), lutein, zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin
accumulate at the retina,
particularly the macula.
Protection eyes from the
ultraviolet light.
lutein prevent the cardiovascular
disease.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are also
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NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF ASPARAGUS
(PER 100 กร ัม)
Energy 20 kcal, carbohydrate 3.88 g,
sugar 1.88 g, fibre 2.1g, fat 0.12 g,
protein 2.2 g, vitamins and minerals
SPICES VEGETABLES
Lamiaceae
(Labiatae) family
Indications:
carminative,
heartburn, topical
fungal infection
(ringworm) and
insect repellent.
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SPICES RHIZOMES
Zingiberaceae
family
Every parts contain
essential oil. They
are nutraceutical
food.
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TOM YUM
The famous Thai
cuisine, Tom yum,
composes of many
spices ingredients
include: lemon
grass, Kaffir lime
leaves, lemon,
coriander, onion,
holy basil, galangal,
chilli
What dese Tom
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CEREALS
Cereal is any grass cultivated
for edible components of its
grains such as such as rice,
glutinous rice, wheat, corn, rye.
millet, oats, barley, etc.
Nutritional value
Energy (carbohydrate)
Protein
Fat
Minerals and vitamins e.g.
Ferrous, phosphorus, and
vitamin B.
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NUT AND BEAN
• Bean is a seed belonging
to the legume or
Fabaceae family including
green bean [Vigna radiata
(L.) R. Wilezek] ,
soybean[Glycine max (L.)
Nut is a fruit composed
Merr.], black bean,of a hard shell and a seed
peanuts etc..
such as cashew nuts,
chestnuts, almond nuts,
hazel nuts, pecans,
pistachios, walnuts, brazil
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CEREAL, NUT, BEAN
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NUTS
Nuts are a rich source of nutrients: protein, fat,
vitamin E, folic acid, unsaturated fatty acids,
fibre, active phytochemicals (ellagic acid,
flavonoids, phytosterols, tocotrienols).
Phytosterols in nuts cause a reduction in total
and LDL cholesterol, chronic heart disease.
Phytosterols and flavonoids in nuts (quercetin,
kaempferol) show protectant against cancer by
inhibiting cell proliferation and stimulating
tumor cell death. Peanuts contain resveratrol
which act as an antioxidant and antimutagen.
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SOYBEAN
Many legumes contain symbiotic bacteria
within nodules of their root systems which have
the special ability of fixing nitrogen from
atmospheric to form ammonium. This
arrangement make them relatively rich in plant
proteins.
Soybean is also rich in vitamins and
polyunsaturated fats.
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BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN
SOYBEAN
Soybeans contain lunasin, a 43-amino acid
peptide, which antioxidative, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer properties and
could also play a vital role in regulating of
cholesterol biosynthesis in the body.
Soybeans contain isoflavones called
genistein and daidzein, which are one
source of phytoestrogens in the human diet.
Soy isoflavones intake is associated with a
significant reduced risk of breast cancer,
cardiovascular disease, relieve menopausal
symptoms and a reduced incidence of
osteoporosis.
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LECITHIN
Lecithin is available from many sources such as soybeans,
eggs, milk, marine sources, rapeseed, cottonseed, and
sunflower.
Lecithins are phospholipids, composed of phosphoric
acid with choline glycerol, fatty acid including
phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol,
phosphatidylserine etc.
Phosphatidylcholine is the source of choline, an essential
nutrient. It is one of the major components of the
phospholipid portion of the cell membrane, is needed for
cell membrane signaling and cholinergic
neurotransmission. Clinical studies have shown benefit in
acne, in improving liver function, and in lowering
cholesterol. Insufficient intake of choline could involve in
cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline in aging and19
PRODUCTS FROM SOY BEANS
soybean oil
Soy milk
Tufu, tufu skin
Soy sauce
Soybean paste
Miso
Soy protein, (textured
vegetable protein)
Pickled bean curd
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HEALTH RISKS FROM
SOYBEANS
Allergy
Soy may decrease the risk of breast cancer, but
be cautioned in women at high risk for
estrogen-depent breast cancer.
Soybean ingestion may influence
testosterone levels and lower sperm count in
men.
Soybeans and soy products contain significant
amounts of purines. For people who suffer from
gout, eating foods containing high levels of
purines may make the condition worse.
Aflatoxin contamination (Aflatoxin is a
carcinogenic substance, especially liver cancer).
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WHITE KIDNEY BEANS
• Phaseolus vulgaris;
major active
component is
Phaseolamin
phaseolaminis a alpha-amylase inhibitor, has
demonstrated the ability to cause weight loss
with doses of 500 to 3000 mg per day, in either
a single dose or in divided doses. It can be
integrated into various products without losing
activity or altering the appearance, texture or
taste of the food. There have been no serious
side effects. Gastro-intestinal side effects are
rare and diminish upon extended use of the
product. It has the potential to induce weight
loss and reduce spikes in blood sugar caused
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GARLIC
Garlic is widely used around the
world for its pungent flavor as a
seasoning or condiment.
Garlic, Allium sativum, is a plant in
the Allium (Amaryllidaceae) family.
It is high in a sulfur compound
called Allicin. It is unstable and
quickly changes into a series of
other sulfur-containing
compounds such as diallyl
disulfide.
Allicin is a potent antibacterial,
anti-viral and anti-fungal agent.
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GARLIC
Garlic seems to reduce total and LDL cholesterol,
but do not affect to HDL cholesterol and
triglycerides.
Garlic have a significant impact on reducing blood
pressure in people with high blood pressure. It has
beneficial effects on counteracting oxidative stress,
and thereby, offering cardioprotection in essential
hypertensives.
Garlic contains antioxidants that protect against cell
damage and ageing. It may reduce the risk of
Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
Garlic appears to have some benefits for bone
health by increasing estrogen levels in females.
Garlic can be recommended for the treatment of
mild-to-moderate lead poisoning.
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GREEN TEA
Camellia sinensis, Family: Theaceae
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COMPONENTS IN GREEN TEA
Protein
Amino acids
Carbohydrate
Vitamins B, C, E
Polyphenols, classification by polymerization:
- Monomers (flavanols): catechins e.g. epicatechin
(EC), epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallocatechin
(EGC), epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), catechin,
and gallocatechin (GC). Catechins show the
antioxidant activities and may have an effect
on vasodilation which could contribute to normal
blood flow regulation in humans.
- Dimers: theaflavins
- Oligomers: thearubigins (derived tannins)
Xanthine alkaloids: caffeine and theophylline. They
affect as mild CNS stimulants, diuratic and
bronchodilators.
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HEALTH BENEFITS OF GREEN
TEA
Tea may have antimicrobial activity. It may
prime the immune system to protect from
bacteria and other pathogens.
Green tea extract may boost metabolism
and help burn fat.
Green tea may reduce the risk of heart
disease by lowering cholesterol and
triglyceride levels.
Green tea has been used traditionally to
control blood sugar levels.
The polyphenols in tea, especially green tea,
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HEALTH RISK OF GREEN TEA
Population-based studies have shown
that men who drink more than 10 cups of
green tea per day are less likely to
develop liver problems.
Green tea should not be taken for the
one have heart problem, kidney disorder,
stomach ulcer or psychological disorder,
Taking high doses of green tea may cause
symptoms such as dizziness, heart
palpitations, insomnia and irritability.
Ready to drink green tea which high
sugar content, may be harm to health.
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COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS FROM
GREEN TEA
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COFFEE
The two main species
commercially
cultivated are Coffea
canephora (known as
'robusta') and Coffea
Arabica. They are
classified in the family
Rubiaceae. The
primary psychoactive
chemical in coffee is
caffeine, a CNS
stimulant agent.
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CAFFEINE
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS)
stimulant of the methylxanthine class.
Caffeine’s main mechanism concerns antagonizing
adenosine receptors. Adenosine causes sedation
and relaxation caffeine prevents this action and
causes alertness and wakefulness.
Too much caffeine can cause problems: shaky,
heart beat faster or abnormal heart rhythms,
worsen the stomach ulcer symptoms, headaches or
dizziness, insomnia, dehydration, addiction.
Symptoms of withdrawal from caffeine include:
headache, fatigue, anxiety, irritability, depressed
mood, difficulty concentrating.
Caffeine is used in sports and athletes for diuretic
action. It is one in the list of WADA monitoring
program: not higher than 15 µg/mL in urine.
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CAUTIONS IN TAKEN VEGETABLES,
CEREALS, NUT, BEANS, GARLIC
Pesticides
Pathogens: Escherichia coli, Salmonella
spp.
Toxins derived from
Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium:
aflatoxins, zearalenone, trichothecenes,
ochratoxins, fumonisins and ergot
alkaloids.
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IMPORTED DIETARY
SUPPLEMENTS
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ST. JOHN'S WORT
Scientific names: Hypericum perforatum L.
Family: Hypericaceae.
St. John's wort is a plant with yellow, starshaped flowers and five petals that grows in
Europe, North and South America, Australia,
New Zealand, and Eastern Asia.
Bioactive compounds: naphthodianthrones
(hypericin, pseudohypericin) and
phloroglucinols (hyperforin, adhyperforin)
The bioactive compounds in St. John's wort
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ST. JOHN'S WORT
Indications: mild to moderate
depression, anxiety, tiredness, loss of appetite,
insomnia, heart palpitations, moodiness,
symptoms of menopause, premenstrual
syndrome, mental disorder.
Drug interactions: immunosuppressants
(cyclosporine, tacrolimus), warfarin,
benzodiazepines, cancer chemotherapy
medicines (irinotecan, imatinib mesylate), HIV
medicines. Because of this, France has banned
the use of St. John's wort in products.
Side Effects: dry mouth, dizziness, constipation,
GI symptoms, confusion. It can interact with
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EVENING PRIMROSE
Scientific names: Oenothera biennis
Family: Onagraceae
Evening primrose oil is the oil derived from the
seeds of the evening primrose plant.
Evening primrose oil is a rich source of omega6 essential fatty acids. In particular, it contains
one known as gamma linolenic acid (GLA),
which is also found in other plant-based oils.
GLA is easily converted to dihomo GLA, which
can generate prostaglandin with antiinflammatoty potential. GLA has been shown to
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EVENING PRIMROSE
Evening primrose oil contains linoleic acid as
well as GLA - both are essential components of
myelin, the protective coating around nerve
fibers, and the neuronal cell membrane. In
Britain, evening primrose oil used to be
approved for treating eczema. It is also used for
rheumatoid arthritis, nerve pain, premenstrual
syndrome, menopause syndrome.
Drug interaction: higher risk of bleeding when
use with anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin,
aspirin and clopidogrel.
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ECHINACEA
Scientific names: Echinacea purpurea Family:
Asteraceae
Echinacea is an herb that have been used in
Indian tribes, native of the Rocky Mountains in the
United States.
Echinacea have focused on the treatment and
prevention of the upper respiratory infections. It
affects through immune system, thus indirectly
providing anti-infective effect.
Side effects: The most common side effect is
upset stomach. But some people can have allergic
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REFERENCES
Vishwanath Sardesai. Introduction to clinical nutrition
3rd edition. 2012, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
USA.
Robert E.C. Wildman. Handbook of Nutraceuticals and
Functional Foods, Second Edition. 2006, CRC Press.
Jim Smith, Edward Charter. Functional Food Product
Development. 2010, Wiley-Blackwell.
Handbook of prebiotics and probiotics ingredients:
health benefits and food applications/ Cho SS. CRC
press; 2010.
Broderick, P, Benjamin AB. Caffeine and psychiatric
symptoms: a review. J Okala State Med Assoc. 2004
Dec; 97(12): 538-542. [cited 2015 May 18] Available
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15732884 39