Transcript MPEC05-CC-8 - The University of Texas at Dallas

Managing Change
in an OTS-Aware
Requirements Engineering Approach
Kendra Cooper
[email protected]
Lawrence Chung
[email protected]
Department of Computer Science
The University of Texas at Dallas
A Simple Scenario In Digital Library System…
• Current DLS:
– MPEG-3 (implementation using a Java Media Framework feature)
– Operating Manual: "Watch out for the change in multimedia trend"
• Trend: increase in the use of MPEG-4
• Question: should there be any change, and if so what, and how?
• Searching begins: mostly using Internet, for something that's good...
• Along the way: decide on an IBM plug-in,
replacement, done.
• Wait a minute:
- Isn't searching too time-consuming?
- How "good" is this IBM plug-in?
- Is the change complete?
Wait a minute…
• Isn't searching too time-consuming?
– the current system also involved searching – time-consuming, labor-intensive
Build a repository of components and options
- there was a consideration of some other options too
- History indeed is repeating itself!
Represent the historical record
• How "good" is this IBM plug-in?
– Yes/No, depending on what “good” means
Model the “good”-ness
• Is the change complete?
– No, it has implications, and has impacts
Establish traceability in the historical record for impact analysis,
within & across
Representing Components and options,
Historical Record, Model “Good”-ness,
Establish Traceability in Knowledge-Based Repository.
Component Based Application
ω+
Good Digital Library System
++
Easy to
Use Interface
…
Multimedia Components
Communication Components
Persistent Storage Components
OTS Component Repository
Java Media Framework
Component
Image Standards
... 
Streaming Audio/Video
Standards
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
...


MPEG-4

Support Multimedia Standards
...
...


…
Audio Standards

Graphical User Interface


Multimedia Interface

 MOV
IBM Toolkit for MPEG-4 Component
Server
Java 
MfastView
Java Media RealNetwork
Framework Support MPEG-4
Plus
Standard

Variety of
Interface Options

Touch Screen Interface Periodic
MPEG-4


Presentation Format
...
++
++
Java MfastView RealNetwork Server JMF MPEG-4 Plug-in
...
Component
Component
Component

MPEG-2


++



+
…
MJ2
AVI
MPEG-4
++
Voice Recognition Interface
Decode Format
...

MPEG-1

Efficient
++
Configurable Interface
AVI

Complies
ω+
With Current Standards
--

MPEG-4 rejected b
++
Java Media Framework Component
Domains: security, persistent storage, …
Components: multimedia - JMF, …
SIG: Support Multimedia Standards <- Image Standards,…
MPEG-4 not in JMF, but in IBM Toolkit
SIG: Good DLS <- Easy to Use Interface,…
MPEG-4 denied – claim: high cost, low priority
(Re)-Evaluating Development Decisions
for a Component Based DLS
Good Digital Library System
++
Easy to
Use Interface
…
Multimedia Components
Communication Components

Java Media Framework
Component
Image Standards
...

Streaming Audio/Video
Standards
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
...





Configurable Interface
Support Multimedia Standards
...
...
Complies

With Current Standards

…
Audio Standards

Graphical User Interface


 AVI
 MOV
Multimedia Interface
++
Java Media RealNetwork Server
Java MfastView
Framework Support MPEG-4
Plus
++

MPEG-2

Standard
++
Java MfastView RealNetwork Server JMF MPEG-4 Plug-in
...
Component
Component
Component

!!



++
MPEG-4 availability
Voice Recognition Interface
Decode Format
...



+
…
MJ2
AVI
MPEG-4
++
Efficient Resource
…
Variety of
++

Interface Options
Touch Screen Interface
Periodic checking of

MPEG-1
MPEG-4
IBM Toolkit for MPEG-4 Component

Presentation Format
...

++
Java Media Framework
Component
-++

MPEG-4 rejected by custom
IBM Toolkit for MPEG-4
Component
Change: priority of MPEG-4, from low to very high (!!)
Reexamine components: JMF & IBM Tookit – no change
IBM Toolkit now part of CBA
Claim: MPEG-4 no longer rejected
Claim: Periodic checking no longer needed
Complies With Current Standards now better satisficed
The CAT
• A reference framework
• Repository with reference applications
– Digital Library System
– Home Appliance Control System
–…
• Tool Support
– Defining models (involving UML diagrams)
– Knowledge-Based Repository
– Searching and ranking (CBR/AHP/Fuzzy/NFR-QR)
The CAT Knowledge-Based Repository
Extending OMG Standards to Support Modeling Agents,
Goals, and Components – Metamodel Version 1.0
…
…
Model
Element
…
SPEM relationships
to the ModelElement
include Constraint,
Dependency, etc
Classifier
EM relationships
the ProcessRole
lude
ocessRole,
tivity,
orkDefinition,
tivity, Step,
tivity Graph, etc.
…
…
SPEM relationships
to the ModelElement
include Constraint,
Dependency, etc
Model
Element
…
Classifier
Argumentation
…
Constraint
…
Argumentation
WorkProduct
Activity
Operationalization
…
1..*
Goal
Agent
Task
Domain
Model Goal
Software
Agent
Person
Agent
External
stem Agent
User
Agent
Organization
Agent
Developer
Agent
Defined in SPEM [30]
Agent to
Agent Goal
Dependency
S/W Req.
Model Goal
…
Model
Element
…
Performs
Defined in CARE/SA
…
Goal is an aggregate of
Domain, Requirements,
Architecture, Design,
and Implementation
Defined in SPEM, extended model elements and has
in CARE/SA
lessons learned
Agent Extension to the OMG Standards
COTS
Component
Goal
System Under
Development
Goal
WorkProduct
has
Domain Model
Functional/
Hardgoal
Domain Model
Nonfunctional/
Softgoal
Classifier
…
Goal
SPEM relationships
to the ModelElement
include Constraint,
Dependency, etc
System
Agent
COTS
Component Distributed
by
Business
Agent
S/W Req. Model
Functional/
Hardgoal
Le
Le
Decomposition
*
Functional
/HardGoal
S/W Arch.
Model Goal
S/W Design
Model Goal1
Resource
Dependency
Method
Pattern
Goal
Agent to
Agent Goal
Dependency
Achieves
1..*
NFR Contribution
Agent
Association
Process
Role
WorkProduct
S/W Arch. Model
Functional/
Hardgoal
S/W Req. Model
Nonfunctional/
Softgoal
S/W Arch. Model
Nonfunctional/
Softgoal
S/W
Implementation
Model Goal1
S/W Design Model
Functional/
Hardgoal
S/W Design Model
Nonfunctional/
Softgoal
Metho
Nonfunctional
/SoftGoal
S/W Implementation
Model Functional/
Hardgoal
S/W Implementation
Model Nonfunctional
/Softgoal
Goal Extension to the OMG Standards
VendorAgent
NFR contribution
COTS Component Extension to the OMG Standards
The CAT Knowledge-Based Repository
Re quire ments
Engineer
Inference Engine
Software
Architect
Component
Engineer
Process
Engineer
Tell(KB, S)  KB', KB’ S
Ask(KB, S)  set of some/all substitutions , KB
Quality
Assurance
Engineer
Project
Manager
…
S
Repository
COTS Component Partition
COTS Compone nt
Virtual Re pos itoryi
…
Componentn
Component2
Component1
COTS Compone nt
Virtual Re pos itoryk
Componentn
Component2
Component1
COTS Compone nt
Virtual Re pos itoryj
System Under Development (SUD) Partitions
SUD Product Mode l
Re pos itory
Agent
Agent
…
SUD Process Mode l
Re pos itory
CARE Meta-meta model M3

Softgoal
MOF standard
Hard Goa l
NFR
Componentn
Component2
Component1
Softgoal
Hard Goa l
Softgoal
Software
Software
Require ments
use cases +
non-functional
requirements
CARE Meta model
M2
 Agents, Goals , Ob jects, COTS
Hard Goa l
CARE Model
Architecture
Subsystem
Subsystem
M1
 Agents, Goals , ob jects , COTS
CARE Process model for M0
specific project (e.g . DLS)
…
Legend
COTS Co mponent, includes product goals,
Softgoal
Hardgoal
Agent
specifications, and development process
description
NFR Non-functional Require ment Fra me work
Mapping Architecture to Component Specificat ion
Mapping System Goa ls to Co mponent Goa ls
Mapping Artifact to combination of t wo (or more)
Mapping Software Require ments to Co mponent Specification
Co mponent Specificat ions
MOF Meta-object facility standard
(conjunction,
all co mponents
DLS Digita
l Library System
standardneeded)
Road Ahead
• Classification schemes
– Types of sources of change
– Types of change propagation
–…
• Further Applications/Case studies
• Model of Change