Transcript Wetlands Terrain Modeler

Design and Performance Analysis of
Terrain Modeling Framework for Wetlands
Project Overview
By Emmanuel Alonso, Ricardo Veguilla
Overview
Introduction to Wetlands
 Project Description
 Project Status
 System Design

Introduction to Wetlands

A geographic area with characteristics of both
dry land and bodies of water, occurring in lowlying areas at the edges of water bodies.

A wetland is an environment "at the interface
between truly terrestrial ecosystems...and truly
aquatic systems...making them different from
each yet highly dependent on both“

Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986
Wetlands as flood control and
mitigation infrastructure.

Wetlands absorb peak flood flows and later
release them more slowly, reducing flood
damage to property downstream.

Wetlands vegetation help reduce the
velocity of water currents.

Wetlands preservation reduce the need to
build dams, embankments and floodgates
which are costly and are known to fail.
Reason and consequences of
wetlands loss:

Reasons:

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Urban development
Agricultural activities
Mining
Wetland Degradation
Natural threats
Consequences:

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Flooding
Loss of wildlife habitat
Declining water quality
Examples
China’s Yangtze River 1998 Flood:
Economic losses were estimated in 32,000 million
dollars and 230 million persons were affected.
Causes:
 The increase of settlements construction on floodprone areas.
 The increase destruction of wetlands near lakes
and river to accommodate more farming.
 The increase of river basin deforestation.
Solutions:
 Wetland restoration.
 Stopping deforestation.
Harnessing Technology for
Wetlands Preservation
Integrating Remote Sensing and
Digital Terrain Modeling we can built
a framework for developing more
powerful analysis and visualization
tools for the study Wetlands.
 Provide a synoptic view of the spatialtemporal distribution and dynamics of
hydrological phenomena using
visualization techniques.

Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM)

The study of ground-surface relief and
pattern using computer tools.

Terrain topology is represented by a
square-grid array of terrain heights, known
as Digital Elevation Maps (DEMs).

Topographic attributes can be computed
from DEMs.

DTMs are basic data pools for building
comparative time series of
topochronological change of terrain
attributes.
General Goals
Terrain Modeling Tool
 Over Cyber-Infrastructure
 Incorporate

Database
 Digital Elevation Maps
 Hydro-Ecological Models
 Signal Processing Algorithms
 Sensor Arrays
 Parallel and Distributed Computing

Previous Developments
Prototype Application:
 Developed in C using OpenGL
 Support for GNU Autotools for cross-platform
development.
 Terrain image loading tested with a 200x200
Matlab generated input file.
 Terrain rendered with points or flat polygons.
 Full virtual camera.
 Memory manager subsystem for monitoring
memory utilization.
 Preliminary lighting and multi-terrain rendering
support.
Features
Development in Java using OpenGL
 Spatial-temporal modeling of terrain
data.
 Database integration.
 Customizable data flow mechanism.
 Landmarking
 Animation scripting and recording.
 Data reduction, LOD rendering, and
data caching.

Features Comparison
Visualization Solutions
Features
ParaView
VisIt
Envi
SCIRun
SpatialAce
IDRISI
VisTools
OpenViz
Wetlands
Terrain
Modeler
Terrain
Visualization
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Customizable
Visualization
Yes
Limited
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Level-of-detail
Rendering
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Server-side,
Distributed
Rendering
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Language
Support
Tcl/Tk
C++
C++
Python
Java
IDL
Java
C++
Java
COM
.NET
COM
Java
Java
COM
.NET
Java
Database
Integration
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
DEM
Support
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Animation
Support
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Platform
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Mac OS X
Unix
Linux
Irix
Mac OS X
Windows
Windows
Java
Windows
Java
Java
License
Open
Source
Open
Source
Commercial
Open
Source
Commercial
Commercial
Open
Source
Commercial
Open
Source
• All Solutions provide client-side rendering, general data visualization and extensibility.
Architecture
TerrainViewWindow
Application
1
*
1
1
1
1
Modify
ViewControls
TerrainView
TerrainModel
TerrainView/TerrainModel
Interraction
LightSource
1
VirtualCamera
1
1
1
3DModel
1
TerrainView
TerrainModel
1
1
1
*
1
3DShader
1
1
*
1
DataHistory
*
*
1
TerrainAttributes
Animation
Landmark
1
3D Model Data Acquisition
Pipeline
Five modular layers:
Source Acquisition
•Data Source Layer
•Filesystem, Database
Format Conversion
•Data Conversion Layer
•DEM, TIN, GeoTIFF
Data Downsampling
•Data Downsampling Layer
•Average, bicubic, subsampling
Tesselation
•Tessellation Layer
•Triangles, Polygons, Points
Rendering
•Rendering Layer
•Texture, Color, Composition, Transparency
3D Model Data Acquisition
Pipeline - Implementation
«interface»
DataStorageWriter
DataCache
«interface»
DataSourceReader
1
«uses»
ReadData
1
«interface»
DataFormatTranslator
3DModel
1
1
ReadData
1
1
«interface»
DataDownsampler
1
ReadData
«interface»
DataModelGenerator
1
Data Acquisition Pipeline
Comments
 Full
pipeline required only for offline use (local files).
 Pre-computed data could available
on database.
 Each layer can benefit from data
caching.
Terrain Visualization capabilities

One TerrainView per window, multiple
windows.
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Multiple TerrainModel per view.
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Each TerrainModel is rendered by a
3DShader object.
Possible TerrainView
Combinations
Terrain Data Visualization
Capabilities
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Considerable amount of information
already obtainable from DEMs.
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Exploit 3D data visualization
techniques to present terrain
attributes and other aggregated data
combined with the actual 3D terrain
model.
Possible Data Visualization
Views
Additional Capabilities
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Animation:
Camera movement recording and
playback.
 Animated TerrainModel Transition
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Stereoscopic Rendering for Terrain
and Data Visualization
Concluding comments
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This design represent the foundation
for building a terrain monitoring,
visualization, and analysis application
which unify different computing and
information processing resources:
 Automated
data acquisition
 Distributed storage
 Distributed processing
 Rendering
References:
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A statistical approach for the analysis of the relation
between low-level performance information, the
code and the environment. - Nayda G. Santiago, Diane T.
Rover, Domingo Rodriguez - To appear in INFORMATION :
An International Journal
Terrain Analysis: Principles and Applications, Edited by
John P. Wilson and John C. Gallant. ISBN 0-471-32188-5 ©
2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High Resolution Digital Terrain Models of Shallow
Lake Basins – Toward Modeling Dynamics of
Sedimentation for Multithematic Ecosystems
Research. – Elmar Csaplovics. D. Frisch, M. Englich & M.
Sester, eds, “IAPRS”, Vol 32/4, ISPRS Commisision IV
Symposium on GIS - Between Vision and Applications,
Stuttgartm, Germany.
References:
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Open Geospatial Consortium
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JOGL Project
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http://www.ceducapr.com/ecosistemas.htm
National Wetlands Inventory
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http://iprac.aspira.org/iprac_histnat.htm
Ecosistemas de Puerto Rico
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http://cremc.ponce.inter.edu/humedales.htm
Natural History – Geography – Maps – Hydrology
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http://pr.water.usgs.gov/public/online_pubs/wsp_2425/
Los Humedales
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http://www.lethsd.ab.ca/mmh/grade5/wetlands/page3.htm
Puerto Rico, Humedales
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http://www.wikipedia.org/
Wetland around the World
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http://www.casde.unl.edu/vn/glossary/intro.htm
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
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http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/modelling/terraindata/
Remote Sensing Glossary
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http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~pbourke/modelling/terrainvis/
Data reduction in terrain modeling
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https://jogl.dev.java.net/
Computer Based Terrain Visualization Techniques
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http://www.opengeospatial.org/
http://wetlandswms.er.usgs.gov/layer_info.html
Building Wetlands

http://www.epa.gov/region02/water/wetlands/prdf.pdf
Questions
Ricardo Veguilla – [email protected]
Emmanuel Alonso – [email protected]