Transcript Western Colonialism and Imperialism in Asia

Western Colonialism and
Imperialism in Asia.
Imperialism
debrief
1. What did that experience feel like? Describe your
feelings/thoughts.
2. Looking at the definition at the top of your paper, in
what ways was this experience similar to imperialism?
3. What historical examples can you think of where
people have had to experience this in their own
countries?
How did Asians face the
challenges brought
about by Western
colonialism and
imperialism?
Western Colonialism
EVENTS
METHODS
• LAUNCHING OF THE
CRUSADES
• MARCO POLO’S
TRAVELS
• SEARCH FOR A NEW
TRADE ROUTE
• AGE OF EXPLORATION
AND DISCOVERY
• BELIEF IN
MERCANTILISM
• INDIRECT CONTROL
• DIRECT CONTROL
1. CRUSADES
Launched from 1096 to 1273
Objective: To reclaim Jerusalem
2. MARCO
POLO
His book was an
“advertisement”
of Asia and its
riches
3. NEW ROUTE
To gain a foothold on Asian spices
and commodities
4. Age of Exploration
and Discovery
Began in 1450 and ended in 1650
This was the time when Europeans
started travelling to:
a. Discover new lands
b. Discover new trade routes
4. Age of Exploration
and Discovery
This period
was supported
by
developments
in seafaring
MERCANTILISM
◍A theory that maintains that the true
measure of a country’s wealth was the
total amount of gold and silver it
possessed.
◍Colonies were important because they
contributed to the wealth of the colonizers
through their gold and silver mines.
“
What were the
Europeans’
motives?
European Motives
◍They could benefit from the
natural
resources
and
products of Asia.
◍Asia was also a potential
market for their goods.
COLONIALISM
Refers to the process wherein
Europeans stay and wield political
power over some parts of the world
– America, Australia, Africa and Asia
IMPERIALISM
means creating an empire
and into the neighboring
expanding regions
1st stage of Imperialism
16th to 17th century
Spain,
Portugal,
Great
Britain,
Netherlands and France
- This form of imperialism is called
colonialism
2nd stage of Imperialism
18th to 19th century
1. Industrialization – started because of the
Industrial Revolution
- Mass production of goods with the use of
machines
- Began in England and spread to other
countries in Europe and South America
2nd stage of Imperialism
18th to 19th century
2. Capitalism – an economic system
characterized by private ownership of
capital and free competition in the
market
3. White Man’s Burden – the Westerners
thought it was their “duty” and
“obligation” to civilize the people in Asia
Look at the figure
on page 334
That is how Asia served
as a source of raw
materials and a market
for European goods
Let’s Assess
1. Who wrote a book that served as an “advertisement” of
Asia to the Europeans?
2. What is the name of the period when developments in
seafaring led to discovery of new lands?
Let’s Test What You
Know
This refers to the process wherein
Europeans stay and wield political
power over several territories in
different parts of the world like Asia,
Africa, South America and Australia.
a.Mercantilism
b.Imperialism
c.Colonialsim
d.Capitalism
This historical period refers to the
time when goods and commodities
were mass produced with use of
machines.
a.Industrialization
b.Manufacturing
c.Capitalism
d.Industrial Revolution
This is an economic system which
is
characterized
by
private
ownership of capital and marked
by free competition in the market.
a.Industrialization
b.Manufacturing
c.Capitalism
d.Industrial Revolution
The Western philosophy that believed
that they were justified in colonizing
the “savage and uncivilized parts of the
world” and that they had the duty to
bring civilization and knowledge to the
“natives”
a.White Man’s Burden
b.Imperialism
c.Colonialism
d.Salvation
This was the main objective of
the men who joined the
Crusades
a.become wealthy
b.reclaim Jerusalem
c.defeat the Muslims
d.for glory and God
Different Forms
of Imperialism (p. 335)
◍Colonialism – direct control of a
foreign country over an occupied
country
◍Economic imperialism – foreign large
private business enterprises control
over a country that is not yet welldeveloped
Different Forms
of Imperialism (p. 335)
◍Protectorate – a foreign country
allows the native rulers of a weaker
power to remain in power
◍Sphere of influence – a foreign
country maintains a strong political or
economic influence over a country or a
geographical region
COLONIALISM
IN WEST ASIA
Islam
– new force in West Asia
Areas occupied by the Muslims
Syria, North Africa and Sicily
Leadership in West Asia
Rashidun
Umayyad
caliphates
Abbasid
caliphates
OTTOMAN DYNASTY
Ottoman Dynasty (1299 to 1922)
1299 – Osman 1
established
the
Ottoman dynasty
- It started in
northwest Anatolia
(present-day
Turkey)
Ottoman Expansion
15th century – territorial expansion
– towards the north going to Crimea
- to the east in Baghdad and Basra
- to the south on the shores of the
Arabian sea and the Persian Gulf
- To the west in Egypt and North
Africa all the way to Europe
Guide Questions for the Video
1. When was the “Age of Islam”?
2. Who was the founder of the Ottoman
empire?
3. When did the Ottomans attack
Constantinople?
4. Who was known as the “protector of Islam”
during that period?
5. Give two factors that strengthened the
Ottoman empire.
Great Britain vs. Russia
Constantinople in the 19th century
Constantinople
– strategically located
The British wanted Constantinople to remain
uncolonized so they could freely stay in the region.
Battle between
Foreign Countries
in West Asia
1907 – Persia (present-day Iran was
divided into 3 zones
1. Neutral zone
2. Russian zone
3. British zone
Khanate – a
system
of
government
headed by a
khan
Young Turks movement
◍A
political
reform
movement that emerged to
initiate changes in the
intellectual, industrial and
military aspects of the empire
that was on decline
1914 – World War 1
The Ottoman empire lost control of
North Africa, Hungary and a large part of
Southeast Europe.
1914 – World War 1
Allied Powers – alliance made
up of France, Russia and Great
Britain or the Triple Entente.
1918 - 1922
Abolition of the Ottoman empire
led to the creation of the
Republic of Turkey
Foreign Countries in
West and South Asia
COUNTRIES INVOLVED
REGION
WEST ASIA
Russia
SOUTH Portuguese in
India
ASIA
Germany
Great Britain
Dutch
in India
French
in India
British
in India
th
15
Century
1499
Date of da Gama’s return to Lisbon from India
3000%
Vasco de Gama’s profit from the spices he
sold in Portugal which he obtained from India
Portuguese control in Asia
◍1510 – Albuquerque occupied
Goa which was occupied by the
Muslims
◍The Portuguese seized control
of the ports of India under the
hands of Arab merchants.
Portuguese control in Asia
◍Wanted control of the
trade in the East Indies and
China
◍Catholicism was spread
by the Jesuits
THE DUTCH IN INDIA
(page 357)
◍1642 – The Portuguese were
ousted from Africa (Ghana) by the
Dutch.
◍1602 – the Dutch East India
Company was established.
◍It was granted the right to trade
with and occupy lands.
1740 – British and the French continued
to battle over India
1744 to 1761 – series of battles between
the British and the French over India
1757 – the British reclaimed Calcutta
1761 – the British gained Pondicherry
(SE part of India)
THE BRITISH IN INDIA
◍1600 – The English East
India
Company
was
founded
◍It was given trade
monopoly from the Cape
of Good Hope to the Strait
of Magellan
PRODUCTS TRADED BY THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
COTTON, SILK, OPIUM
INDIGO, DYES, SALT
SALTPETER, TEA
By 1647, the British had….
23 TRADE
OUTPOSTS
90
EMPLOYEES
IN INDIA
End of the 17th century
Supplied opium to China from the 1730s
in spite of the opium ban in 1729
Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
Collected taxes from the provinces of
Bengal, Bihar and Odisha
SEPOY MUTINY IN 1857
Led
to
the
establishment of the
British Raj - Great
Britain
governed
India directly
SEPOY – means Indian soldiers
Quiz
1. What term was used to call “Indian
soldiers”?
2. Who established the Ottoman empire?
3. What was the name of the Dutch
company that had the right to trade and
occupy lands?
Quiz
4. Who helped the Portuguese spread
Catholicism in India?
5. What was the name of the period when
Great Britain and Russia struggled for
control of some parts of Asia?
Quiz
6. What kind of imperialism is it when a
foreign country allows the native rulers of a
weaker power to remain in power?
7. Give two products traded by the English
East India Company.
Quiz
8. What was the new force in Asia that gained
power in the 7th century?
9. Give two products traded by the English
East India Company.