Transcript Causes of World War One

World War One, Russian
Revolution, and Interwar
Causes of World
War One
___.___.___.___.___.___.___
World War One was Caused by
______________
 Belief or desire that
governments should keep a
strong __________ and use it
_______________
__________ divide Europe
 __________ between two or
more countries to advance a
common goal
__________ Feelings
 Extreme pride or patriotism in
one’s __________, leading to
military action to defend or
__________
__________
 The __________
and political
__________ of
one country
over anotherthis was caused
by the need for
__________
__________ and
other natural
__________
Alliances cause __________ __________
 Countries are too __________
to one another to be able to
work things out __________
Competition over __________
 Countries had disagreements
__________ as well as at
__________
__________ assassination of the Archduke
Ferdinand of Austria

The Archduke of
_______, Ferdinand,
was shot by a
__________
__________. This is
the __________
(short-term cause)
that set off the
powder keg (longterm causes) of
__________.
Belgium
4
Ottoman
Empire
2
Germany
France
3
Britain
5
Italy
Russia
AustriaHungary
Japan
= Allies
= Declared war on
Serbia
1
Leaders of the Nations At War
1.
________-_________
(Central Powers)Emperor Francis
Joseph

Declared war on
__________ for not
punishing gov’t
official involved in
murder plot.
2. __________
(__________ Powers)Kaiser Wilhelm II

Broke Ties with
__________ which led
them to have to fight
the war on ___ frontsThe Eastern and
Western – THIS is what
caused Germany to
__________ the war
3 __________(________)Prime Minister
_________ Clemenceau

Bitter about the
Germans occupying
________ and LorraineFrench land they lost
during the ______________ war. This
land was full of OIL!!!
4 __________(Allies)- Czar
__________

Last _______ of Russia!
Because he lost to
Germany during WWIthe __________ were
able to take over! (That
is when Russia
becomes Soviet Union)
5.Great Britain (_____)Prime Minister David
Lloyd __________
 Wanted Germany to
get __________ out
of the __________
waters!
6. United States
(__________)President Woodrow
Wilson
 Wanted to remain
__________ but
pressured to join
after sinking of
__________ and the
__________ ______
Fighting the War
World War I: Western Front v. Eastern
Front
The ___________ Front
 Border of France
and ________
(through Belgium)

German ________
Plan was designed
for a quick ______,
but did not work
out.

________ Warfare
ended up in a
________ (neither
side is able to defeat
the other)
 That lasted ________
years!
 Technology: Poison
gas, ________
The Eastern Front
 Border between
________,
________- Hungary,
and Germany

Troops were
________ from the
western front to the
eastern front to
fight ________
 Not fought in
________, but
equally deadly and
________e
 ________ troops
were large in
numbers, but
unprepared for war
War in the Balkans
 ________ joins the
Central Powers and
defeats ________

Italy declares war
on Austria-Hungary
and ________,
although they are
NOT successful
The Ottomans Join the War

Late 1914: ________
Empire joins Central
Powers; helps cut off
trade for the Allies in the
________

Allies attempt to get the
________ opened, but are
unsuccessful after
200,000 causalities

The Ottomans have to
fight the Allies, the
Russians, and the
________ all at once,
while trying to deal with a
declining empire
War in the Colonies

________- Allies overrun
several German colonies

________ and West Africa
provided troops for the
Allies, as did ________,
New Zealand, and
________

Colonists hoped that
they would earn respect
followed by ________
following the war, but this
did NOT happen!
Outcomes and global effect
 Colonies’ were ________ to participate in
the war, which ________ demands for
independence.

Caused the end of the Russian ________,
________, German, and Austro-________
empires

Enormous ________ of the war in lives,
property, and social disruption
Essential Understandings
 World War I (________-________) was
caused by competition among
________ nations in Europe and a
failure of ________.
 The war transformed ________ and
American life, wrecked the ________ of
Europe, and ________ the seeds for a
second world war.
Treaty of Versailles
End of WWI and Treaty
of Versailles
Collapsing Morale
 By 1917, Germany was sending
______-year-olds to the front
and Britain was on the verge of
bankruptcy
 ________ were dramatic and
________ was in short supply
 ________
Revolution: In
March 1917, bread
riots turned into a
revolution that
destroyed the
Russian ________
and forced Russia
to ________ from
the war
 1918: Russia
signed the Treaty
of ________ ________ with
Germany, ending
their
participation in
WWI
The United States Enters WWI
 Russia’s withdrawal was crippling to
the ________ because Germany
could now concentrate on the
________ front

April 1917: ________ ________ asked
for a declaration of war and by 1918,
2 million ________ soldiers were on
the ground in Europe.
Campaign to Victory
 By 1918, the ________ people had
had enough of war and were
beginning to resist at home

________ - ________ was on the
brink of collapse as well

11:00 am on ________, an armistice
was signed ending the war
Treaty of Versailles
 The allies forced ________ to accept
responsibility “for causing all the loss
and damage” of the war
 The Treaty restricted ________ armed
forces to:
~ Only 100,000 men in the army
~ Conscription was banned- soldiers had
to be ________
~ NO ________ or airplanes
Reparations
 Germany had to ________ for all
the damage of the war- a sum
was eventually set at £
________ - in installments, until
1984
 Germany lost ________ - Forced
to give back Alcase-Lorraine to
France
League of Nations
 Was set up as an ________
forum to settle disputes by
discussion, not ________.
Russian Revolution
Essential Understandings

________ Russia entered World War I as an
absolute monarchy with sharp class
divisions between the ________ and the
peasants.

The grievances of workers and peasants
were not resolved by ________ (Tsar)
________ II

Inadequate administration in ________ led
to revolution and an unsuccessful
provisional government.

As a patriotic gesture,
Nicholas II goes to the
________ to personally
take charge

1915- over ________
million Russians die on
the front

Soldiers do not have
sufficient ________ ,
ammunition or medical
care
March Revolution

Landless peasants shouted
“________ , land, ________ ”

Troops refused to fire
on demonstrators

Czar Nicholas is seen as being
________ (a failure)

________ set up (provisional
government)
Lenin

Vladimir ________ adapts Marxist ideas to
Russian conditions
Marxists - Those who followed the orthodox theory as laid
out in the Communist Manifesto; called for violent
________ of the government, international workers' union,
and a focus on the ________ centers of society.

________ ________ to rise up and overthrow government

Marx- ________ struggle!!!
Bolshevik Revolution

Bolshevik means “________ ”

“Peace, land, and bread”

________ Guards – armed factory workers joined munitions
sailors from the Russian fleet in attacking provisional
government

Overthrew provisional government

New symbol of government – Red flag with entwined
________ and ________ symbolized union between peasants
and workers

Bolsheviks were renamed ________
Civil War

Lenin signed Treaty of ________ ________ with Germany. Gave up territory
and population in order to peacefully get
out of WWI.

Civil war for ________ years

Reds- ________

Whites- ________ revolutionaries loyal to
________
The Soviet Union

USSR- Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics

Made up of Russia and surrounding areas.

Lenin’s NEP (New ________ Policy)
allowed some private ownership, which
was criticized for being anti-Marxist and
not truly communist.

Leon ________ was Lenin’s pick as
successor, but Joseph ________ won out
after Lenin died in 1924.

Trotsky was exiled to ________ , but gave
anti-Stalin speeches, and ended up with an
ice pick in his skull...he died from that.
Joseph Stalin- Lenin’s successor

After ________ ’s death, Trotsky and Stalin competed to become the
leader of Russia. After the murder of ________ , nobody could challenge
Stalin.
League of Nations,
Mandate System, Great
Depression
League of Nations

_____________cooperative
organization

Established to prevent
future _____________

_____________ is NOT a
member! (does not want to
be pulled into future wars)

The League is a failure
because it did not have
power to _____________ its
decisions (NO MILITARY)
The Mandate System

During World War I, _____________ and
_____________ agreed to divide large
portions of the _____________ Empire in
the Middle East between themselves.

After WWI the “_____________ system”
will give Great Britain control over the
lands that became _____________,
_____________, and Palestine

_____________ gets Syria and Lebanon

Mandate System is only supposed to
be _____________!

The division of the _____________
Empire through the mandate system
planted the seeds for future conflicts
in the _____________.
Essential Understandings

After World War I, _____________
organizations and agreements were
established to avoid _____________
conflicts.
Causes of Worldwide Depression

_____________ reparations- German
industry gone after WWI and cannot afford
to pay back debt

Expansion of _____________ capacities
and dominance of the United States in the
global _____________

High _____________ tariffs
Tariff = Tax on imported goods
Hard for countries to trade with each other

Excessive expansion of _____________
People bought goods they couldn’t afford on
credit

_____________ _____________ Crash of
October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday)
Impact of worldwide depression

High _____________ in industrial
countries

______ failures and collapse of credit

Collapse of _________ in world trade

_____________ Party’s growing
importance in Germany; Nazi Party’s
blame of European _____________
for _____________ collapse
Essential Understandings

A period of uneven prosperity in the
decade following World War I (the 1920s)
was followed by _____________
_____________ in the 1930s.

Depression weakened Western
_____________, making it difficult for
them to challenge the threat of
_____________.
Essential Understandings

_____________ disruptions following
World War I led to unstable political
conditions.

Worldwide depression in the 1930s
provided opportunities for the rise of
_____________ in the _____________,
_____________, _____________, and
_____________.

A _____________
dictatorship was
established by
Vladimir Lenin
and continued by
_____________
_____________
in the Soviet
Union.
Joseph Stalin
Entrenchment of Communism
Single- _____________ dictatorship

_____________ control of the economy

_____________ _____________ and state
terrorism

Strict _____________ and control of media

Schools and media used for ____________

Unquestioned __________ to a single ruler
Five-Year Plans

Stalin imposed control over
the _____________.

Goals of five-year plans


Build heavy _____________

Improve _____________

Increase __________ output
__________ economy:
government officials make
all basic economic decisions
State Industrialization

Oil, coal, and steel
production ___________.

Standard of ___________
remained low as did
wages. _____________
not allowed to strike

Central planning often
inefficient – ___________
products scarce (clothing,
cars, etc.)
_____________ of Farms

Government control of
_____________

Collectives: large
__________ owned and
operated by peasants as a
group

State set _____________
and access to supplies
“Love Your Motherland”
Great Purge 1937-1938

Stalin cracked down on
Bolsheviks who followed
_____________, teachers,
professors, government
officials, _____________
leadership.

He had them rounded-up, put
on “trial”, and either
_____________ or sent to the
_____________ (brutal labor
camps)

There were an average of 1,000
_____________ a day (around
680,000 killed)
The Rise of Benito Mussolini in Italy

Rise of _____________ -

What is fascism?

Fascism: any an
____________ government
opposite of communism
Mussolini’s Italy

Wanted to restore the
glory of _____________
and the Roman empire
to Italy

Indoctrinated citizens
to _____________ him
without question
Mussolini’s Italy

1935: invaded
_____________ in
northeastern Africa
as an opportunity to
use his new modern
_____________ to
expand his empire
Mussolini’s Italy

Ethiopian king appealed to
_____________ _____________ for
help

League voted _____________
(penalties) against Italy

League had no power to
_____________ the sanctions, Italy
took Ethiopia by 1936
Post-WWI Germany
and Hitler’s Rise to
Power
“The man who has no sense of
history is like a man who has no
ears or eyes.”
-Adolf Hitler
Germany After WWI
 On the brink of
_____________
 Due to threat of
revolution, the kaiser
___________ power.
 1919: German leaders
draft a new
_____________
Kaiser Wilhelm II
The Weimar Republic

Constitution-

Created a new _____________
government that quickly weakens

_____________ system

Led by a _____________ (prime
minister)

Gave _____________ the right to vote
The Weimar Republic
Communists,
inspired by
Stalin in the
Soviet Union,
wanted radical
change.
Wanted
another
strong leader
like Bismark
Problems
with the
Weimar
Republic
Conservatives
thought the
new
government
was too liberal
and weak.
Blamed the
Weimar
Republic for
the Versailles
treaty
Economic Problems

Government printed
huge quantities of
_____________ to
support protesting
workers.

_____________
spiraled out of control
and Germany goes into
a depression

Western attempts to
help failed after the
_____________
Rise of the Nazi Party

National Socialist
German Workers, led by
_____________

Despised the
__________ government
– attempted to seize
control of the
government – landed
Hitler in _____________

While in jail, wrote
_______ (“My Struggle”)
Hitler and the Nazis

Promoted extreme
__________ and
__________ (hatred of
Jews)

Rise of __________ in
1800s led people to
identify _____ as outsiders

Hitler believed the
greatest enemy of the
“master race” of Germans
were the Jews
Hitler and the Nazis

Urged Germans to unite
and expand, to gain
__________ (living
space)

Began the slow
__________ of nearby
countries

Claimed Germany
needed a __________
leader, a Führer
Hitler’s Rise to Power

Great Depression caused
__________

Hitler promised jobs, an
end to __________ , and
__________ Germany
Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany
Creation of the Third Reich

Hitler quickly became
__________ of
Germany

Only political party
allowed- National
Socialism
(__________ )
Totalitarian Terror

Gestapo: __________

Most people = relieved by
____ promises, supported
end to unemployment
and revival of __________
power

Opposition = __________
for their own safety
Heinrich Himmler with Hitler
Essential Understandings

The Treaty of __________ worsened
economic and political conditions in
Europe and led to the rise of
__________ regimes in Italy and
Germany.

__________ - Total control of gov’t with a
single party in charge.
Totalitarian Rule
in Japan
Emperor Hirohito
and
General Tojo
Japan needed ___________________…

Because they are an ____________ nation, they
didn’t have all the raw materials they needed.

They used their military (__________ism) to control
areas like _______ and Manchuria (Northern China)
Essential Understandings

___________ emerged as a world
power after World War I and
conducted aggressive ___________
policies in Asia.