Transcript Napoleonic Wars

Unit Portfolio: Compare and Contrast
16. Compare and contrast the French
government under the rule on Louis
XVI and Napoleon Bonaparte. You
may do this in any format (paragraph,
chart, graph, diagram, cartoon, etc.)
Unit 3: Age of Revolutions
Lesson 2:
Napoleon and the Rise of
Nationalism
Textbook Correlation:
Contemporaries: Chapter 16 section 4 & Chapter 18 section 1
Holt: Chapter 21 sections 4-5 & Chapter 25 sections 1-2
Standards
7-3.2 Analyze the effects of the
Napoleonic Wars on the development and
spread of nationalism in Europe, including
the Congress of Vienna, the revolutionary
movements of 1830 and 1848, and the
unification of Germany and Italy.
Essential Questions
• What were the effects of the
Napoleonic Wars?
• What is nationalism?
• How did the spread of nationalism
affect Europe?
NAPOLEON BUILDS AN EMPIRE
• 1804- Declared
himself emperor of
France
• Napoleonic Wars
• France began
conquering
neighboring
countries
• By 1812, he
controlled most of
Europe
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL
1ST MISTAKE: CONTINENTAL SYSTEM
• Blockade of Britain
(1806-1812)
• Wanted to disrupt
Britain's trade
• Hurt France and
their allies more
than Britain
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL
2ND MISTAKE: PENINSULAR WAR
War for control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)
France
vs.
• Spain and Portugal refused
to follow Continental System
• Napoleon conquered the
region and made his brother
the King of Spain
• Spanish revolted with the
help of the British
• War drained France’s
resources and they were
eventually kicked out
Spain, Britain, Portugal
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S DOWNFALL
3RD MISTAKE: INVASION OF RUSSIA
• The Grand Army 600,000 soldiers went into Russia
• Russians retreated and burned or destroyed anything
the French could use as they went
• No food or shelter
• French forced to retreat
• 200,000 returned
• Russia invaded France
Classwork
Atlas Worksheet 58
“The Empire of Napoleon”
End Day 1 (Monday)
Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Timelines
17.
18.
19.
For approximately how many years was Napoleon emperor?
In 1815, Napoleon escaped from exile and returned to gain control
of France. What conclusions can you make about his character
based on this?
Looking at the events that happened between 1803-1805, why do
you think Napoleon might have sold the Louisiana territory to the
United States?
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 1ST EXILE
• Prussia, Austria, and
Great Britain joined
Russia and attacked
France
• In 1814, Napoleon
surrendered his throne &
was exiled to Elba.
• Louis XVIII became King
of France
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE’S 2ND EXILE
• The Hundred Days War
• In 1815, Napoleon escaped from Elba
• Gathered his allies and reclaimed control of France
• Great Britain, Prussia, and the Netherlands invaded
• Defeated at Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena.
EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
CONGRESS OF VIENNA
• Gathering of European Powers who defeated France
• Wanted to reestablish the balance of power in
Europe
• Brought absolute monarchies back to countries
Napoleon had defeated
Activity: Congress of Vienna
Working with a partner to redraw the boundaries
of Europe after the fall of Napoleon’s Empire.
Activity: Congress of Vienna
Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Classwork
Finish Atlas Worksheet 58
“The Empire of Napoleon”
End Day 2 (Tuesday)
Unit Portfolio:
Video Quiz
If doing these from home, look up
the answers on the internet.
20.
21.
22.
What is one way we express nationalism in this school?
How did Napoleon help create nationalism in France?
How did Napoleon create nationalism in his enemies?
EFFECTS OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
NATIONALISM
Napoleon
tried to force
French culture
on conquered
people
Enlightenment
ideas spread
by French
army
People began
to feel more
loyal to own
culture
People began
to resist French
control
Rise of
Nationalism
SO WHAT IS NATIONALISM?
•
•
Nation: group of people linked by a shared culture
Nationalism
• Loyalty to your culture (common language,
history, religion)
• Belief that each nation should have its own state
(nation-state)
• Promoted loyalty to nation of people not a king
or empire
• Source of pride and patriotism
Classwork: Bonds That Create a Nation-State
In a nation-state people are linked by common cultural bonds. What
common bonds do people in the United States share? On a separate
sheet of paper, create the chart below and identify bonds for each
category. Circle the one that you feel binds us the strongest.
Common Bonds That Link the People of America Today
Nationality
Territory/Land
Government
Language
Religion
Economy
Other:
Clash of Philosophies Throughout Europe
• Congress of Vienna • Nationalism
• Conservatives
• Loyal to Kings
• Wanted absolute
monarchies
• Moderates and Radicals
• Loyal to culture and
people
• Wanted democracy and
self-rule
TYPES OF NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS
IN THE 1800S
• Separation groups splintered off from
their current government to form one
that was more representative of their
own interests.(Greeks from Ottoman
Empire)
• Unification: people of common
culture from different states join
together. (Germany, Italy)
Classwork
Read PASS Coach Lesson 13 and
answer the four questions at the end
of the lesson.
End Day 3 (Wednesday)
Unit Portfolio: Interpreting Maps
Use the map on page 283 of your text
book to answer the following questions
23. Which two areas made up the
Kingdom of Sardinia?
24. When did Venice get added to Italy?
25. The area around which city was the
last to get added to the Italy?
Nationalists Challenge Conservative Power
• Greece Gains Independence
•
•
•
•
Part of Ottoman Empire
Revolted against the Turks (1821)
Got help from other European countries
Won independence in (1830)
• Uprisings in Central Europe
• Belgian, Italian, Polish liberals and nationalists launched
revolts (early 1830s)
• Hungarians and Czechs tried to separate from Austria
(1848)
• All Failed
Question: Why did Greece get help from other European
countries while Central European uprisings were put down?
More Governments in France
• Charles X
• King of France after Waterloo defeat of Napoleon
• Tried to restore absolute monarchy
• Forced to flee to Great Britain
• Louis-Philippe
• Ruled until 1848-overthrown in favor of a republic
• Louis-Napoleon
• Napoleon’s nephew
• Elected president of republic
• took the title of Emperor Napoleon III
• built railroads
• promoted industrialization
• revived French economy
Italy in 1800s
• Large parts of Italy
ruled by Austria
and Spain
• Broken into many
smaller kingdoms
• Failed Nationalist
uprising in 1848
Unification of Italy
• Camillo di Cavour
• Prime minister of kingdom of PiedmontSardinia
• Largest and most powerful Italian State
• Gained control of Austrian-controlled land in
northern Italy
• Giuseppi Garibaldi
• Lead nationalists “Red Shirts” and conquered
Sicily uniting southern Italy
• Cavour convinced Garibaldi to unite southern
Italy and Piedmont-Sardinia
• 1860-King Victor Emanuel II crowned king
of Italy
• Venice and Papal States joined (1870)
Classwork
Atlas Worksheet 59
“New Boundaries in Europe”
End Day 4 (Thursday)
Unit Portfolio: DBQ
Use the primary sources provided to
answer the following questions
26. Why did Otto von Bismarck claim that
Prussia had to attack Austria?
27. According to Helmuth von Moltke,
why did Prussia go to war with
Austria?
28. Why did Prussia want to become
friends with Austria again and not
“wound them too severely?”
Germany in the early 1800s
• Divided into many independent states
• Each ruled by different leaders
• German Confederation (1815)
• 39 loosely joined German states
• Prussia and Austria the most powerful
• Prussia
• Powerful army with a liberal constitution
• Ruled by Wilhelm I
• Supported by Junkers: conservative nobles
Otto von Bismarck
• Prime Minister of Prussia
under King Wilhelm I
• Practiced Realpolitik
“the politics of reality”
• Power politics without
room for idealism
• “Might makes right!”
• Defied Prussian
parliament
• Push for a unified
Germany-used military
force
Three Wars of German Unification
• The Danish War: Prussia joined with Austria to
gain territories from Denmark (1866)
• Seven Weeks War
•
•
•
Purposely made border conflicts with Austria
Seized Austrian territory in northern Germany
Northern German states joined Prussia
• Franco-Prussian War (1871)
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•
•
•
Bismarck wanted to gain support of the remaining
German states
Prussia wanted French territory
Bismarck provoked war
Inspired nationalism in southern German states
• 1871-Wilhelm I crowned emperor of a united
Germany
Unit Portfolio: Check on Learning
29. What three mistakes led to Napoleon
Bonaparte’s downfall?
30. What were the effects of the Congress of
Vienna?
31. Describe realpolitik.
32. How did the following contribute to the
nationalist movements of their people?
- Otto von Bismarck
- Camillo di Cavour
- Giuseppi Garibaldi
Classwork
Finish Atlas Worksheet 59
“New Boundaries in Europe”
End Day 5 (Friday)