Transcript Napoleon Bonaparte

• Page 16-17
• Learning Target: I can listen to the story of Napoleon and take
adequate correlating notes
• Success Criteria: I can determine if Napoleon was a hero or
tyrant and provide concrete details for each
• Why it’s important: He was the 1st emperor of France- right
after FR
• 1774- Louis XVI became King
• 1789- Third Estate- as National Assembly- assumed power
• 1791- Legislative Assembly, with Louis XVI as constitutional
monarch, began rule
• 1792- Monarchy suspended and National Convention began
governing
• 1793- Louis XVI executed
• 1795- Directory took control
• 1799- Consulate established, with Napoleon as First Consul
• 1804- Napoleon crowned emperor
• 1814- Napoleon overthrown and Bourbon monarchy restored
Napoleon Bonaparte
“Ambition is never content even
on the summit of greatness.”
Born in Corsica as an ItalianBecame a French citizen at the age of 1
Home in which Napoleon
was born
Corsica
Became dictator (all power held
by a single person) of France
for 10 years in 1799 when he
launched a coup d’ etat (stroke
of state) against the Directory
• The people readily accepted
the coup d'etat of Napoleon
Bonaparte in 1799.
• The revolution was over. Or
was it?
• Early Success
• 1793, drove British forces out of Toulon.
• Defeated the Austrians in multiple battles,
forcing the Hapsburg emperor to make
peace.
• Set up a three-man governing board known
as the Consulate.
•Took the title of first consulate and in 1802
had himself named consul for life.
Napoleon was immediately at war with the Second
Coalition (countries united against France)
Coalitions were formed because other European
Monarchs did not want their people to see the French
get away with killing their king and starting Republics.
Napoleon as a Military Leader
Wave of victories
Awesome General – People liked/loved him
Loved by all of the French
• A New France, A New
Emperor
• By 1804, Napoleon had
enough power to become
Emperor.
• Napoleon knew he had
support as he held a
plebiscite, or ballot in
which voters say yes or
no. Each time, the French
strongly supported him.
NAPOLEON AS LEADER OF FRANCE
General Reforms
Freedom of worship
Stabilized food prices
Class Equality
Rebuilt Paris
Got rid of 10 day week (& calendar)
Legal Reform:
The Napoleonic Code – single set of laws for all
of France
Equality of law
Basic liberties
Restored slavery
Limits on women’s rights
Limits on political rights and freedom of speech
and press
NO LAWS APPLIED TO NAPOLEON
• Napoleonic Code
• Enlightenment Principles
• Equality of all citizens,
religious toleration.
• However, women lost most
of their newly gained
rights.
Class Reforms
1. Clergy
 Improved Catholic’s status
 Gave back land
 Dropped state controls
2. Nobility
 Allowed nobility to return from exile
 Gave back land and political status
3. Bourgeoisie
 Stabilized markets and trade
 Lowered taxes
Peasants
 Jobs
 Lowered food prices
• A New European Empire
• Napoleon annexed, or added outright to France lands
including the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and
Germany.
• The Battle of Trafalgar
• French naval defeat at the hands of the British.
• The Continental System
• Economic warfare waged against the British by closing
European ports to British goods. The British responded with its
own blockade.
• This plan did not defeat the British, instead resent grew as
prices throughout Europe rose.
THREE BLUNDERS
1. Spain – kicked out old king and put his brother,
Joseph, in charge of Spain. Spanish fought back with help
from the British. Guerrilla Warfare destroyed the French.
Napoleon has end the war. (300,000 French killed)
2. Continental System Napoleon tried to isolate trade with
Britain (to hurt their economy), but it backfired.
Battle of Trafalgar - Napoleon lost to the British navy. This
was Napoleon’s first major defeat
BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
British
French
Lord Nelson –
Admiral Villeneuve-
Crosses the T” The British
have better communication
faster fire of cannons
and shoot the hull of the ship
More ships, slower ships
Shoot chainshot into
rigging
Battle of Trafalgar
3. Russia (1812) Napoleon goes in with 400,000
+ troops, comes back with 10,000
• Downfall of Napoleon
• Russia
• Czar Alexander I withdraws from the
Continental System due to economic and
political frustrations.
• Napoleon responds by sending 400,000
soldiers to Russia. Instead of fighting,
Russians retreat East, burning crops and
villages (scorched earth) as they went.
• When Napoleon entered Moscow he
realized he could not feed his troops so he
returned home with
only 10,000
troops.
While Napoleon was “down,” the other countries ganged up to
defeat him at the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of Nations) - 1813
• Gathering of Leaders
• Dignitaries from Austria, Russia, Britain and France met after
the battle of Waterloo.
• Goals of the Congress
• Create a lasting peace between the four nations. By
legitimacy, or restoring monarchies, Europe was returned to
the “status quo.”
• Balance of Power
• A policy that no one state should be in the position to
threaten the independence of another.
• Problems of the Peace
• Defeating Napoleon led to tremendous nationalism within the victorious
countries. The Congress however redrew national boundaries without
concern for national cultures. This angered European countries and
eventually caused the Quadruple Alliance to break apart.
Napoleon gives up the throne
and was exiled to Elba.
100 Days - Napoleon’s return to power
People didn’t like Louis XVIII (brother of the
guillotined king)
Napoleon escaped Elba (Louis fled)
Napoleon regained full power
Napoleon: best defense is a good offense. He attacked
the British General Wellington at Waterloo (Belgium)
Napoleon was defeated
for the final time
• Waterloo
• After returning from exile Napoleon fought the British and Prussian armies
at Waterloo, Belgium. The French lost in a day long battle and Napoleon
was forced into exile again.
This time he’s sent to St. Helena, between
Africa and South America
He died in 1821 of
a stomach ailment.
LEGACY
Rise of Nationalism
Division of people by country not social class
People willing to go to war based on love of
country
Wars to combine city-states, divide empires
LEGACY (CONTINUED)
Need for:
 Coalitions and alliances
Diplomacy as an
option to war
LEGACY (CONTINUED)
Spread of ideas:
Political philosophy
Revolution as an option
Equality, speech, voting, property
Rise of a professional military
• A revolutionary model
• A Mass political consciousness
• Varying interpretations of
the Revolution
--Conservative View: Edmund
Burke
--Liberal View: Thomas
Jefferson
• Conflict within the Liberal
Tradition
• “Libertarianism” vs.
“Egalitarianism”
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End of absolutism
Power of nobles ended
Peasants became landowners
Nationalism
Enlightenment ideals
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10 min- silent read and annotate
Underline main ideas
! Something that surprises you
* Important things that you need to remember
• Respond to the question at bottom: Would Napoleon’s reign
been different if Josephine loved him and was able to give him
an heir? Why/Why not?
• Rest of class- due February 17 (Red) or February 22 (Gold)
• Create a timeline of the French Revolution
• You need at least 10 events