Transcript SSWH14 - cloudfront.net

SSWH14
THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS AND REBELLIONS.
ABSOLUTISM:
 Form of government where the monarch (king/queen) has
complete power over all aspects of society
 Divine Right
 The idea that a ruler is given authority to rule from God
and answers only to God.
LOUIS XIV (FRANCE):
 King of France 1643-1715
 Nicknamed the “Sun King” because it seemed as if the world
revolved around him.
 No decision could be made without his approval.
 Built the strongest army in Europe
 Uses it against his own citizens if they question him.
LOUIS XIV (FRANCE):
 Vast majority of people in France were peasants
 Performed many odd jobs
 Lived hard & simple lives
 Forced to pay heavy taxes to support the nobles’
wealthy lifestyles
 Caused a lot of tension
LOUIS XIV (FRANCE):
 Versailles
 Louis’s palace located near
Paris.
 Most expensive and
elaborate building in Europe
at the time
 Symbol of Louis XIV’s wealth
and power.
PETER THE GREAT (RUSSIA):
 Tsar of Russia 1682-1725
 Ruled with Absolute power (most autocratic)
 Expanded Russia’s borders by using a strong
military
 St. Petersburg became his Versailles
 Westernization
 Brought Europeans to Russia to bring Western ideas, technology, & culture
 Purpose was to help Russia compete with the other European countries.
PETER THE GREAT (RUSSIA):
 Control methods:
*Brought Russian Orthodox Church under his power
*made men shave their beards
*made nobles wear Western clothing
*strengthened serfdom (status of peasants under feudalism)
TOKUGAWA IEYASU:
 Shogun of Japan from 1603-1616 (Tokugawa Shogunate)
 Unified Japan under one government, ending feudalism.
 Had absolute power by controlling the activities of nobles
 Required nobles to live in the capital city every other year
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjovMjPU9ug
REVOLUTIONS & REBELLIONS:
1. ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
5. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTION
2. AMERICAN REVOLUTION
6. OPIUM WAR
3. FRENCH REVOLUTION
7. TAIPING REBELLION
4. HAITIAN REVOLUTION
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR:
 Parliament
 Legislature in England
 Made up of nobles and middle class
from all over England
 Even though the King had absolute
power, Parliament controlled the
country’s money
CHARLES I:
 Became King of England in 1625
 Continually asked Parliament for
money.
 Parliament gave it to him, but he had
to promise not to ask for any more.
 In 1640, he again asked for money for
a war with Scotland
 Parliament refused
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR:
 England goes without a monarch
 Supporters of Parliament and
supporters of the King went to war to
answer this question
 Parliament’s forces were led by Oliver
Cromwell
 In 1649 Charles I was captured and
executed.
for a few years and then realize
they don’t like it.
 When they bring back the
monarchy, they pass a law limiting
the monarch’s power.
 Establish a Constitutional
Monarchy
 In 1707, England, Scotland, Wales,
and N. Ireland joined together to
form Great Britain.
AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1776):
 Great Britain’s colonies in North
America objected to taxes that GB
was trying to pass.
 In 1776, the Americans wrote the
Declaration of Independence saying
that they were no longer under
British rule.
 GB went to war trying to hold on
to its colonies.
 The Americans won the war and
established the United States of
America in 1783.
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789):
 Louis XVI
 King of France
 Estates
 3 Divisions of French society

1st
Estate…clergy
 2nd Estate…nobles
 3rd Estate…everybody else
(97% of population)
 Estates-General
 Legislative Body in France
 Made up of representatives of
the three estates
 Any new taxes had to be
approved by the EG
FRENCH REVOLUTION:
CAUSES:
 France was in a lot of debt
 Louis XVI wanted to impose new
taxes to pay the debts
 The 3rd Estate tried to prevent this,
but was ignored.
 National Assembly
 Representatives of the 3rd Estate
decide to revolt and form a new
government for France.
REVOLUTION:
 1789-1799 was a time of disorder
and panic in France
 Mob violence, mass murders, and
riots were common
 1793: Louis XVI is executed
 Reign of Terror
 Revolutionaries take over the
government and have anyone
who they suspect is against the
Revolution killed
HTTP://WWW.BIOGRAPHY.COM/PEOPLE/MARIEANTOINETTE-9398996
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=LTTVKWCYLFY
NAPOLEON:
 Military officer who takes
over the French gov’t in 1799.
 Held absolute power, but had
the full support of the French
people
 Brought stability to France
NAPOLEONIC CODE:
 New code of laws established by Napoleon for his entire Empire.
 Based on Enlightenment principles
 Equality of everyone in the law
 Religious toleration
 Innocent until proven guilty
 Valued order and authority over individual rights
NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE:
 Conquered several European countries
 Only Great Britain was able to defend itself from France
 In 1812, Napoleon tried to invade Russia
 Winter forced him to retreat
NAPOLEON’S FALL:
 Waterloo
 Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia join together and defeat Napoleon
 Congress of Vienna
 European leaders met in Vienna, Austria to restore order to Europe
 Gave land and power back to the people who had it before Napoleon
 Balance of power
 European nations vowed to stay as equal as possible
 http://gphscrossroads.wikifoundry.com/page/Lesson+3%3A++The+Rise+of
+Napoleon+Bonaparte
HAITIAN REVOLUTION (1791):
 1802: Napoleon sent troops to retake Haiti
 1803: yellow fever destroyed French army, forced to
surrender
 Used American and French Revolution ideas to start
a slave revolt in Haiti
 Haiti: ruled by the French
 Main crop: sugar plantations ran by French plantation
owners & worked by Haitian slaves
 Revolt led by Toussant L’Ouverture (slave)
 1798: rebels won, slavery was abolished
 Jan. 1804: Haiti declares its independence
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvpRpYIZXow
LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS (1808-1825):
 1808-1825, countries in Latin
America began to one-by-one revolt
and overthrow their European
leaders
 Simon Bolivar
 “The Liberator”
 Helped Venezuela, Columbia,
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia gain
independence from Spain
 Wanted to unite all of S. America
under one gov’t, but failed.
ISOLATION IN EAST ASIA:
 Both Japan and China wanted to isolate themselves from Western
powers
 They did not want westerners coming in and messing with their
culture
 Western nations wanted to trade with Japan and China
OPIUM WAR:
 Great Britain asks China to trade with
them.
 China refuses
 Great Britain starts secretly trading
Opium into China in exchange for tea
 The Chinese gov’t tells GB to stop,
but they don’t.
 Chinese get addicted & sell silver to
pay for drug
 1839: Britain & China go to war
 China was easily defeated b/c of outdated
weapons
 Unequal Treaties
 Forced China to trade with Britain
 China lost territory to Britain
 Christian missionaries were allowed in to
China
 http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-
of-all-of-us/videos/opium-in-china#opium-in-china
TAIPING REBELLION:
 Peasants in China felt that the Qing
gov’t was not taking care of them
and wanted to overthrow them.
 1850-1864 (peasant revolt)
 Qing gov’t won
 20-30 million people died
 Deadliest civil war in world history
JAPAN:
 Japan: isolated for 200 years
 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry
 US military officer who brought
US warships to Japan to force
Japan to trade with US
 Japan couldn’t compete with US, so
they agreed.
 Japan was forced to sign Unequal
Treaties similar to those signed by
China