Transcript Chapter 14- Europe at War

1555-1648
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“War is one of the scourges with which it has
pleased God to afflict men.”- Cardinal
Richelieu (1585-1642)
War was a fact of everyday life in Europe
1555-1648- war was more brutal, expensive
and on a large scale
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“un roi, une foi, une loi”
Peace of Augsburg (1555)- religion of the
ruler= religion of the state
Toleration was a foreign concept
French Wars of Religion- Huguenots- St.
Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572
One king, 2 faiths- politiques and the League
1585- war of the three Henrys (Henry III,
Henry of Navarre, Henry Guise)
1598- Edict of Nantes
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King of Paper
Problems with England (Spanish Armada1588)
Burgundian Inheritance
Revolt of the Netherlands- 1566
Duke of Alba
Protestants rebel
1576- Pacification of Ghent
P. 422 and 424- maps of Europe
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Poland-Lithuania and Muscovy
1601- Time of Troubles
Rise of Sweden- Gustavus Aldophus
1621- captured Riga
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Bohemia Revolts- election of Ferdinand
(1617)
Defenestration of Prague (1618)
Frederick V , the “winter king”
War widens- Frederick vs. Ferdinand
Protestant GainsLouis XIII and Richelieu decide to help
Peace of Westphalia
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1559- death of Henry II
1562- first battle of French wars of religion
1563- Catholic duc de Guise assassinated
1572- St. Bartholomew Day’s Massacre
1574- accession of Henry III
1585- war of the Henrys
1588- duc de Guise murdered by order of
Henry III
1594- Henry IV crowned
1598- Edict of Nantes
French genealogy- p. 415
HRE genealogy- p. 419
Timeline- revolt of Netherlands- p. 424
Genealogy of Poland- p. 426
Genealogy of Sweden- p. 429
Chronology of Thirty years’ war- p. 430
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Guise family- a strongly Catholic faction
arose under the Duke of Guise and the
Cardinal of Lorraine- they had large
landholdings- also sought control of Scotland
Montgomery-Chatillons- Admiral Gaspard de
Coligny led the French Protestant resistance
Bourbons- this powerful family with extensive
lands in the south and west had strong
Huguenot sympathies, and eventually won
the throne in 1589
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Civil war in Bohemia- (16181625)“defenestration of Prague- Ferdinand
was elected Emperor and Frederick V lost his
crown a few months later
Danish phase- (1625-1629)Ferdinand sent
Albert of Wallerstein swept through Denmark
Swedish phase-(1630-1635)- Gustavus
Adolphus- prompted the French to enter the
war on the side of the Protestants
French phase (1635-1648)- Peace of Praguefavorable to Catholics
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Treaties recognized the sovereign,
independent authority of the German
princes- destroyed the HRE as a real statenot an empire
Independence of the United Provinces of
Netherlands was recognized, Swiss cantons
were acknowledged as sovereign and
independent- French also picked up
territories of Alsace-Lorraine-allowed French
to intervene in German affairs
Religion- Augsburg Agreement of 1555allowed Calvinism as a legally permissible
creed- northern states remained Protestant…
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-blocked the Counter-Reformation
Restricted power of the Habsburgs
Germany was left in pieces
France, England, Netherlands take the lead in
European affairs