Transcript Ottoman Empire

SS7H2 THE STUDENT WILL
ANALYZE CONTINUITY AND
CHANGE IN SOUTHWEST ASIA
(MIDDLE EAST) LEADING TO THE
21ST CENTURY
A. Explain how European
partitioning in the Middle East
after the breakup of the Ottoman
Empire led to regional conflict.
https://youtu.be/Kq1iEvc9scI
Before the Ottoman Empire
■ 550 B.C. the Persian king Cyrus the Great
conquered the Babylonian Empire in
Mesopotamia and created the Persian empire.
■ 330 B.C. Alexander the Great led armies from
Greece in to Persia and conquered the Persian
Empire.
■ After the death of Alexander the Great the
empire broke up into smaller kingdoms ruled
by Greek kings. Eventually the Greek kingdoms
fell too.
■ The new Persian empire called the Sassanian
empire dominated Iran for 400 years.
Before the Ottoman Empire
■ Turkey and Cyprus was conquered by the
Roman Empire.
■ The eastern part of the Roman Empire was
called Byzantine Empire. It survived after the
western part fell and ruled parts of the region
until 1400s A.D.
■ In the 600s A.D Muhammad began to preach
Islam in Arabia. His followers spread Islam to
many regions. They later defeated the
Sassanian Empire and conquered Iran.
Ottoman Empire
■ In 1000s A.D Muslim Turks from central Asia
migrated into Turkey and Iran and began to
gain power. (They gave the country Turkey its
name.)
■ The Turks established kingdoms in the region
and by 1400s the kingdom of the Turkish
Ottoman family became the most powerful.
■ They captured Constantinople and ended the
Byzantine Empire in 1453. They would later
make Constantinople (now called Istanbul)
their capital.
■ The Ottoman Empire would eventually spread
to over three continents.
Ottoman Empire…ending
■ The greatest ruler of the Ottoman Empire was
Suleiman the Magnificent, who conquered much of
southeastern Europe.
■ He built mosques, schools, and libraries. His court
was a center of art and culture.
■ In 1500 the Safavid Empire rose in Iran. They
fought several wars with the Ottoman Empire.
■ By the 1800s the old empires of Turkey and Iran
were loosing their power rapidly.
■ In the early 1900 a group of army officers called
the Young Turks took power in the Ottoman Empire.
They wanted to create a secular nation like a lot of
Europe.
Ottoman Empire…ending
■ During World War I they sided with Germany.
■ After the Ottoman Empire and its allies lost
WWI and the empire collapsed.
■ The Ottoman Empire was split up by the
Sykes- Picot Agreement.
Sykes- Picot Agreement
■ Sykes-Picot Agreement, also called Asia Minor
Agreement, was a secret convention made
during World War I between Great Britain and
France, with the agreement of imperial Russia,
for the dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire.
■ The agreement led to the division of Turkishheld Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine into
various French- and British-administered areas.
■ Negotiations were begun in November 1915,
and the final agreement took its name from its
negotiators, Sir Mark Sykes of Britain and
François Georges-Picot of France on May 19,
1916.
Assignment
■Using your notes and
textbook (page 216-221)
complete page 81 in your
workbook.
■Homework: Read pages
216-221.