Transcript A Divided Church

Section 2-4
Martin Luther
A Divided Church
The Great Reformation: a time of religious dispute within the Catholic Church, which
caused people to separate from the Catholic Church and form their own
denominations of Christianity. Most Protestant church were formed during this time.
Many people are ready to join a new church because they have been feeling repressed
by the Catholic Church during this time.
Martin Luther
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•
Martin Luther brought about changes in
Europe in the 1500s with his opposition
to Catholicism.
His protests began the Protestant
Reformation.
John Calvin
•
In France, John Calvin, a Christian
theologian, broke away from the
Catholic Church.
•
He taught that those that God saves he
chose from the beginning of time.
King Henry VIII
•
•
•
•
Marries Catherine of Aragorn, she does not produce a male heir.
King Henry goes to the pope and asks for a divorce.
The pope refuses him.
King Henry decides that England will be a Protestant nation.
– He forms the Church of England
– The king serves as the head of the church and not the pope.
– This becomes the Anglican church in America.
• Play Histeria Tudor song on You Tube
• He marries a poor girl.
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–
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–
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Kills her and marries another
She dies.
He marries another, he divorces her.
He marries another, he executes her.
He marries another and they stay married until he dies.
A Divided Church (cont.)
• When Europeans settled in America, they
brought with them their religious beliefs of
either Catholicism or Protestantism.
A Divided Church (cont.)
Why do you think Martin Luther had so
many followers?
Possible answer: Many people felt
repressed by the Catholic Church and
were ready, in this age of discovery, to
join a Protestant revolution.
(pages 58–59)
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Economic Rivalry
• The exploration of the Americas created rivalries
between European countries to acquire colonies
there.
• These colonies provided resources and a market
to sell European products.
Mercantilism
• A nation’s power was based on its wealth,
which was increased by acquiring gold and
silver and developing trade. Overseas
territories were seen as potential sources of
wealth.
Columbian Exchange
• The Columbian Exchange was a two-way exchange
between the Americas and Europe, Asia, or Africa.
• The exchange included crops, livestock, and other
goods for enslaved Africans who worked on the
plantations.
• Disease was a
result of this
exchange since
Native Americans
did not have the immunity
to fight off European germs.
Malaria
Typhoid
• Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a common
worldwide bacterial disease transmitted by the ingestion of
food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected
person, which contain the bacterium Salmonella enterica
enterica.
Smallpox
Whooping Cough
Measles
Northwest Passage
• England, France, and the Netherlands searched for a more direct route to
Asia to compete with Spain and Portugal, who had claimed most of the
Americas.
•
This became known as the Northwest Passage. Instead of traveling
around South America, they sailed along the northern coast to North
America.
John Cabot
• Cabot was commissioned by another country, and in Cabot's
case it was England.
• Cabot had a simple plan, to start from a northerly latitude
where the longitudes are much closer together, and where, as
a result, the voyage would be much shorter.
• Three Voyages
• First- Nothing is known
• Second- He lands on the shores of Labrador, Canada,
but it is reported his crew doesn’t go beyond the
distance a crossbow can shoot a bolt.
• Third– Cabot departed with a fleet of five ships from Bristol at
the beginning of May, one of which had been prepared
by the King.
– Some of the ships were said to be carrying
merchandise, including cloth, caps, lace points and
other "trifles".
– This suggests that the expedition hoped to engage in
trade.
– The Spanish envoy in London reported in July that one
of the ships had been caught in a storm and been
forced to land in Ireland, but the other ships had kept
on their way.
– No other records have been found (or at least
published) that relate to this expedition; it has been
assumed that Cabot's fleet was lost at sea.
• John Cabot probably landed on the coast of
Newfoundland in 1497.
• England establish claims to North America,
because of Cabot’s voyages.
Economic Rivalry France
• Giovanni da
Verrazano sailed for
France in 1524 and
explored the coast of
North America from
present-day Nova
Scotia south to the
Carolinas.
• Jacques Cartier
also sailed for
France. He sailed
up the St.
Lawrence River
and founded MontRoyal (Montreal).
Henry Hudson
• Henry Hudson sailed for the
Dutch. He discovered the
Hudson River in 1609. He
sailed as far north as Albany.
Hey, come
back!
Good Job
Henry!
Henry Hudson Continued
• Having heard rumors of a passage to the
Pacific, by way of John Smith of Jamestown
and Samuel de Champlain, Hudson and his
crew decided to try to seek a westerly passage
through North America.
• The Native Americans who gave the
information to Smith and Champlain were
likely referring to what are known today as the
Great Lakes.
Henry Hudson Continued
• In 1610, Hudson managed to get backing for
another voyage, this time under the English flag.
• The funding came from the Virginia Company
and the British East India Company.
• At the helm of his new ship, the Discovery, he
stayed to the north (some claim he deliberately
stayed too far south on his Dutch-funded voyage),
reaching Iceland on 11 May, the south of
Greenland on 4 June, and then rounding the
southern tip of Greenland.
• Excitement was very high due to the expectation that the
ship had finally found the Northwest Passage through the
continent.
• On 25 June, the explorers reached what is now the Hudson
Strait at the northern tip of Labrador.
• Following the southern coast of the strait on 2 August, the
ship entered Hudson Bay.
• Hudson spent the following months mapping and exploring
its eastern shores, but he and his crew did not find a
passage to Asia.
• In November, however, the ship became trapped in the ice
in the James Bay, and the crew moved ashore for the
winter.
• When the ice cleared in
the spring of 1611,
Hudson planned to use
his Discovery to further
explore Hudson Bay with
the continuing goal of
discovering the Passage;
however, most of the
members of his crew
ardently desired to return
home.
• Matters came to a head
and much of the crew
mutinied in June.
• They left Hudson, his son,
and some crew members
adrift in a boat and no
one heard from them
again.
Son, pretty
sure we
have bigger
problems.
Daddy, I
miss
Mommy.
Champlain
•
In the 1600s France and the Netherlands set up trading posts in the Americas.
•
They were interested in economic opportunities, not building an empire.
•
Samuel de Champlain established a trading post for fur trading in Quebec and other
parts of Canada.
•
•
Establishes Quebec city as a trading post and town.
The Dutch established trading posts along the Hudson River.
Champlain continued
• Champlain made contact
with the Huron tribe.
• Through a system of wars
with Huron enemies
Champlain wins much of
the region for France.
• The French establish
trading posts from the
Great Lakes to the Gulf of
Mexico using the
Mississippi River.
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__ 1. water route to Asia through
North America sought by
European explorers
A. mercantilism
B. Columbian
Exchange
__ 2. the theory that a state’s or
C. Northwest
nation’s power depended on
Passage
its wealth
D. coureur de bois
__ 3. exchange of goods, ideas,
and people between Europe
and the Americas
__ 4. French trapper living among
Native Americans
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Checking for Understanding
Reviewing Facts What were English,
French, and Dutch explorers searching for
while charting the coast of North America?
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Reviewing Themes
Global Connections How did French goals
in the Americas differ from the goals of other
European nations?
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Critical Thinking
Identifying Central Issues How did the
economic theory of mercantilism influence
the exploration and settlement of North
America by Europeans?
Click the mouse button or press the
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Answers
Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on
the left.
__
C 1. water route to Asia through
North America sought by
European explorers
A. mercantilism
B. Columbian
Exchange
__
A 2. the theory that a state’s or
C. Northwest
nation’s power depended on
Passage
its wealth
D. coureur de bois
__
3.
exchange
of
goods,
ideas,
B
and people between Europe
and the Americas
__
D 4. French trapper living among
Native Americans
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answers.
Checking for Understanding
Reviewing Facts What were English,
French, and Dutch explorers searching for
while charting the coast of North America?
They were searching for a more direct
water route to Asia.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
Reviewing Themes
Global Connections How did French goals
in the Americas differ from the goals of other
European nations?
The French wanted to make profits from
trapping and selling furs rather than settle
land.
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Critical Thinking
Identifying Central Issues How did the
economic theory of mercantilism influence
the exploration and settlement of North
America by Europeans?
A nation’s power was based on its wealth,
which was increased by acquiring gold and
silver and developing trade. Overseas
territories were seen as potential sources
of wealth.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.