Transcript The French Revolution – A Dream Unfulfilled…

7-3.2 Vocabulary
 1. Napoleonic Code
 2. Napoleonic Wars
 3. Continental System
 4. Nationalism
 5. Congress of Vienna
 6. Junkers
 7. Realpolitik
 8. Unification
The Napoleonic Wars and
Nationalism
7-3.2- Analyze the effects of the
Napoleonic Wars; spread of
nationalism in Europe (Congress of
Vienna, revolutionary movements
of 1830 and 1848, and unification
of Germany and Italy)
1. Napoleon’s Empire
A. After crowning himself emperor, Napoleon
created the Napoleonic Codes that created
a new legal system in France- equality,
right to choose a career, and religious
toleration.
B. The Napoleonic Wars began in 1804 and
by 1812, Napoleon controlled most of
Europe.
C. Napoleon was never able to control Russia
or Great Britain.
2. Napoleon’s Downfall
A. Napoleon made 3 major mistakes:
A. Blockade of Britain (Continental System)kept ships from ports on the mainland of
Europe
B. Peninsular War
C. Invasion of Russia
3. The End of Napoleon
A. After that Napoleon was captured and
exiled to the island of Elba.
B. He escaped and Napoleon returned to
Paris where he regained control for 100
Days.
C. At the Battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was
finally defeated and sent to the island of
St. Helena where he died in 1821.
4. Effects of the Napoleonic Wars
 Nationalism (the belief that one’s greatest
loyalty is to a shared culture rather than to a
leader or border) spread!
– Enlightenment ideas spread
– Napoleon tried to impose French culture on
conquered countries
– Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite became the rallying
cry for revolutions all over Europe!
5. The Congress of Vienna
A. In 1814, European leaders met in Vienna,
Austria to return Europe to the way it was
before the French Revolution.
B. Their goal was to bring a Balance of
Power that would prevent any single
nation from controlling Europe.
C. It was too late! Over the next century,
groups of people either joined together in
unification, or splintered.
Assorted European Upheavals
 1821- Greeks rebel against the Ottoman
Empire
 1830s- Belgium, Italy and Russia
 1848- Liberal revolutions across Europe are
suppressed by conservative groups
 France- After allowing 2 more kings to rule,
France establishes a parliamentary system.
Soon afterwards, the President declares
himself Emperor. :-/
6. Unification of Germany
A. The German Confederation was comprised
of 39 loosely joined states. Austria and
Prussia were the largest and most
powerful.
B. German leaders wanted to unify all the
states in order to become even more
powerful.
6. Unification of Germany cont.
C. The Prussian leader was Wilhelm I, a member
of the Junkers, a conservative political party.
D. The Prussians were embroiled in militarism,
the glorification of a military culture.
E. His Prime Minister was Otto von Bismarck
who ruled through the policy of realpolitik, or
the “politics of reality.”
A. Bismarck was determined that unification of
Germany would occur by using blood and iron.
6. Unification of Germany cont.
F. The Germans fought 3 wars of Unification
with Denmark, Austria, and France.
1. Austria and Germany formed an alliance to
take land from Denmark.
2. Bismarck provoked Austria into beginning the
Seven Weeks War.
3. By changing the wording of the Ems
Telegram, Bismarck provoked France into
declaring war on Germany.
G. After the Franco-Prussian War, German
unification was complete!
7. UNIFICATION OF ITALY
A. Italy was also divided into multiple states.
B. Count Camillo di Cavour planned to unite
Northern Italy.
C. Giuseppe Garibaldi, the leader of the Red Shirts,
used guerrilla warfare to win control of Southern
Italy.
D. In 1861, northern and southern states agreed to
become a united Italy, ruled by King Victor
Emmanuel II.
8. The End….
A. After the wars of unification, the great
powers of Europe remained at peace for
over forty years despite the occasional
nationalist dispute…
B. Dun, Dun, DUN………