Transcript Causes of World War I

World War I on the Home Front
U.S. History
Teacher Instructions
• As you review the lecture with your
students, they will take notes in the
Storybook: WWI on the Home Front.
• See Storybook directions to create books.
• Review teacher notes under slides for
specific instructions.
• You may want to give your students the
corresponding worksheet to be completed
as homework.
• You can assess their knowledge at the end
of the lecture with the quiz.
Anticipation Guide
Statement
Correct Answer
TRUE
1. The four underlying causes of WWI were:
Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism and
Religion.
2. WWI began in 1914
3. The U.S. did not join WWI until 1917.
4. The President during WWI was William Taft
5. Germany and Austria-Hungary were called
the AXIS Powers.
6. The U.S. joined the Allies.
7. Latin America was known as the “Powder
Keg” of Europe
8. The Allies won WWI.
9. Over 10 million people died in WWI.
10. The immediate cause of WWI was when the
Archduke of Italy was killed.
FALSE
Standard
• 11.4.5: Analyze the
political, economic, and
social ramifications of
World War I on the home
front.
Objective
• Students will be able to
analyze the political,
economic, and social
ramifications of World
War I on the home front
by completing a storybook.
Causes of World
War I
The First World War
aka the Great War
or the War to end all wars
Film Clip; The Roots of War
Page 3
Imperialism
Take notes about the causes of World War
Nationalism
Causes of
WWI
System of
Alliances
Militarism
the roots of WWI were in the
Industrial Revolution
European countries
industrialized and
needed new markets
and sources of raw
materials – they also
competed for industrial
domination
Imperialism
The need for raw materials and new markets led
European powers to compete for new territory…
European nations fought for colonies around the
world, and they argued about territory within
Europe…
Militarism
Militarism
Europeans thought
that great nations
had to have great
armies.
The European
nations built up
their military and
kept them
permanently ready
for war.
This would lead to
trouble…
Nationalism
Nationalism
• Definition: Pride in one’s country
• Problems arise when there is too much
nationalism
• Causes competition with other countries for
domination
• Competition came from:
– Economic: wanted to control same raw materials
and markets
– Political: Europeans countries wanted to prove they
were the most powerful country
Alliances
Alliances
• the European countries distrust one another
• to protect themselves from being alone, all of
the countries form alliances
• The Triple Entente – Great Britain, France,
and Russia
• The Triple Alliance – Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy
The “spark” that lit the “fire”
Page 3
Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated
Austrian prince, Franz Joseph goes on holiday to Sarajevo,
a city in Bosnia Herzegovina that is under Austrian
control. He is killed by members of the Black Hand – a
group with ties to the Serbian intelligence. Austria makes
unrealistic demands of the Serbians. The Serbians waver
and Austria declares war. Russia and Germany join in…
Page 4
Woodrow Wilson’s
Intervention in WWI
•When war broke out in Europe,
the United States had a policy of Neutrality.
• Allied Powers
• Central Powers
• United States
• Britain
• France
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
Film Clip: The U.S. Enters the War
The United States was unable to remain
Page 4
Neutral because:
•
•
•
•
•
Economy
Loaning Money
Submarine Warfare
Public Opinion
Zimmerman Telegram
Page 4
Economy
• The U.S. had huge economic
investments with the British
and French. If they were to
lose, then they would not be
able to pay the U.S. debt back
(amounting to about two billion
dollars while Germany only
borrowed a mere 27 million).
Page 4
Loaning Money
• If Allies could not pay back all the loans
made to them by the American bankers,
the US's economy could collapse.
• France and England were financing their
war with U.S. loans. In addition, they
were buying massive amounts of arms
from the U.S. on credit. The U.S.
wanted to make sure that it got paid
back. Germany also purchased arms, but
in a much more limited fashion.
January 1917, Germany announces Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
In March 1915, German submarines sunk the British ship the
Lusitania, killing 128 US citizens.
Page 4
Public Opinion
• No one remained neutral in the United
States, with many people siding with
their mother country.
• Germany and the Central Powers were
looked down upon because of their
invasion of neutral Belgium
• Propaganda was used by both sides, with
the allies being more successful.
On April 2, 1917,
President Wilson
asked Congress to
declare war on
Germany.
In February 1917, the
British intercepted a
telegram from the German
foreign minister, Arthur
Zimmerman, to the
German ambassador in
Mexico City.
The British decoded the
telegram and gave it to the
USA.
• In 1917, the United States entered the
war on the side of the Allies. They were
unprepared for war, and were unable to
quickly mobilize.
• To prepare for war, the United States:
– Started a military draft
– Converted factories, so that they were
making military goods
– “Work or Fight” Campaign
Page 5
Effects of WWI on the
Home Front
• Political ramifications
• Social ramifications
• Economic ramifications
Page 5
Political
• Committee on Public Information was
created to convince Americans to
support the war by creating
propaganda.
• Espionage and Sedition Acts
– war protestors were imprisoned
– Limited free speech
• 18th Amendment: You cannot buy, sell or
make alcohol
• 19th Amendment: Women have the right
to vote
• The Selective Service Act:
– Created a draft
Page 5
Social
• African Americans:
– had new job
opportunities in the
north because men
were off to war
– Were able to fight in
WWI
• German Americans were
persecuted and
attacked
• Citizens were
encouraged to save
money and plant “victory
gardens” to grow their
own food
Page 5
Economic
• Businesses were controlled
by the government
• War was expensive
– Government had to raise
taxes to pay for war
– Government also sold
bonds
Page 6
On the Home Front
• What is propaganda?
• What was the goal of
propaganda?
• Draw your own
propaganda poster from
the war.
The End of the War
Film Clip; WWI Comes to an End
The War to End
All Wars ended
on November 11,
1918
Europe
Over 21
millionwas left to wonder what had Over 8,500,000
happened…
men returned
men died
injured
Over 65 million
The war
men
cost
were
over
mobilized…
$31,000,000,000
Theresomeone
were 37,500,000
had to pay…the
casualties…
question was who…
The Victorious Allies have different visions of peace
Georges Clemenceau was the
French leader.
Woodrow Wilson was the
France
had been
invaded
President
of the
Unitedby
Germany inStates.
1870 and in 1914.
the French wanted the
He
wantedto
tobe
rebuild
world
Germans
made the
weak
so
after
the devastation
of the
that they
would not attack
World War.
He
pushed hard
them
again.
for a peace that would include
The
war had been
fought
an
international
body
that
mostly
France.
would
makeinsure
thatThe
there
countryside
was destroyed.
would
be no future
wars. The
Villages
burnedwas
andcreated
the
League
of Nations
David Lloyd George was the British leader. population
for this decimated.
purpose.
Unfortunately
theto
American
He publicly called for the Germans to pay for
Germany needed
pay to
the US
to
starting the war. Privately, he worried that if public
repair wanted
the damage
their
isolated
and they
never
the Germans were too weakened, the remain
invasion
of France
caused.
joined the League.
Communists could take over the country.
Page 7
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
January 8, 1918
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
•
Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no
private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed
always frankly and in the public view.
Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in
peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by
international action for the enforcement of international covenants.
The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment
of equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace
and associating themselves for its maintenance.
Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced
to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.
A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims,
based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such
questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have
equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be
determined.
The evacuation of all Russian territory and such a settlement of all questions
affecting Russia as will secure the best and freest cooperation of the other
nations of the world in obtaining for her an unhampered and unembarrassed
opportunity for the independent determination of her own political development
and national policy and assure her of a sincere welcome into the society of free
nations under institutions of her own choosing; and, more than a welcome,
assistance also of every kind that she may need and may herself desire. The
treatment accorded Russia by her sister nations in the months to come will be
the acid test of their good will, of their comprehension of her needs as
distinguished from their own interests, and of their intelligent and unselfish
sympathy.
secure access to the sea, and whose political and economic independence and territorial integrity should be guaranteed by international covenant.
A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great
8. Belgium, the whole world will agree, must be evacuated and restored, without any
attempt to limit the sovereignty which she enjoys in common with all other free
nations. No other single act will serve as this will serve to restore confidence among
the nations in the laws which they have themselves set and determined for the
government of their relations with one another. Without this healing act the whole
structure and validity of international law is forever impaired.
9. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong
done to France by Prussia in 1871 in the matter of Alsace-Lorraine, which has
unsettled the peace of the world for nearly fifty years, should be righted, in order that
peace may once more be made secure in the interest of all.
10. A readjustment of the frontiers of Italy should be effected along clearly recognizable
lines of nationality.
11. The peoples of Austria-Hungary, whose place among the nations we wish to see
safeguarded and assured, should be accorded the freest opportunity to autonomous
development.
12. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated; occupied territories
restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the sea; and the relations of the
several Balkan states to one another determined by friendly counsel along
historically established lines of allegiance and nationality; and international
guarantees of the political and economic independence and territorial integrity of the
several Balkan states should be entered into.
13. The Turkish portion of the present Ottoman Empire should be assured a secure
sovereignty, but the other nationalities which are now under Turkish rule should be
assured an undoubted security of life and an absolutely unmolested opportunity of
autonomous development, and the Dardanelles should be permanently opened as a
free passage to the ships and commerce of all nations under international
guarantees.
14. An independent Polish state should be erected which should include the territories
inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, which should be assured a free and
Page 7
Pair-Share
What were Wilson’s goals
outlined in the Fourteen
Points?
The Victorious Allies make the Germans sign a
peace treaty at the Palace of Versailles
But the Germans were forced to accept very harsh conditions… the
treaty would lead to future problems.
The Treaty of Versailles
• made Germany accept blame for
starting the war.
• took a lot of German land away
for other countries
• took German land for new
countries
• split the Austria-Hungary
Empire into two countries
• created many new European
nations, like Poland,
Czechoslavakia, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, and Finland
• made the Germans pay a huge
financial debt to the allies – known
as reparations
• created demilitarized zones
• demilitarized the German army
WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS
Says – Means – Matters
Pair-Share
• What was one of the main reasons
Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
failed to be adopted by the
Versailles conference?
– He refused to compromise his
moral values
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
All armies are the same
Publicity is fame
Artillery makes the same old noise
Valor is an attribute of boys
Old soldiers all have tired eyes
All soldiers hear the same old lies
Dead bodies always have drawn flies
– Hemingway’s Poem
– What point is Hemingway making about
war?
Wrap-Up
• Please take out a piece of paper and title
it: Quiz: WWI on the Home Front.
• Write the answer on your own paper.