Transcript to the Germans, to renew political order and to bring back

The student will explain conflict and change in
Europe to the 21st century.
Describe major developments following World War I:
the Russian Revolution, the Treaty of Versailles,
worldwide depression, and the rise of Nazism.
Causes that led to World War I
Arms Race
Imperialism
The more one nation
built up its army and
navy, the more other
nations felt they had to
do the same.
European nations ruled smaller countries,
called colonies, and competed with each
other to amass more colonies. Germany
and Italy decided they wanted a colonial
empire too.
Alliance System
Nationalism
For Twenty years, the nations of
Europe had been making alliances. The
danger of these alliances was that an
argument between two countries could
draw all the other nations into a fight.
Nationalism gave groups of
subject peoples the idea of
forming independent nations of
their own.
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Major developments
following World War I:
The Russian Revolution
The Treaty of Versailles
Worldwide depression
The rise of Nazism.
The Russian Revolution
1904-1917 – A series of Crises
1905 – Russo-Japanese War
Japan wins some key islands
once owned by Russia
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
Peasants approach the Czar’s winter
palace in St. Petersburg with a
petition asking for better work
conditions and food. Troops opened
fire on the crowd of women and
children and as many as 1000 die.
The Duma
a legislative body made by the Czar
in response to national unrest – he
dissolved it weeks later. Others met,
yet did nothing.
WWI – 1914-1917
An unmitigated disaster for
Russia. Weak generals, poorly
equipped troops (some sent
with no gun!) 4 million Russian
soldiers die in the first year.
The war drained the
government money reserves
and food shortages begin.
Rasputin
Nicholas II goes to the front, his
wife turns to a holy man/psychic
for help in running the
government. Russians are
furious about this.
Czar Nicholas II is overthrown. He and his family are executed.
The Treaty of Versailles
In 1919, this treaty put an official end to World War I. Since Germany
was the loser, they had to agree to its provisions:
Restricted German armed forces
Created the League of Nations
The purpose of the
organization was to arbitrate
conflicts between nations
before they lead to war.
Loss of Territory
Loss of German colonies
around the world, and loss
of German territory to
France, Denmark, and
Poland.
Reparations
It required that Germany accept responsibility for the war and was
thus obliged to pay large amounts of compensation to other
countries. Officially put at $33,000,000,000, a sum that many economists
deemed to be excessive. The economic problems that the payments
brought are cited as one of the causes of the rise of dictator Adolf Hitler,
and inevitably led to the outbreak World War II.
Worldwide Depression
Stock Market crash of 1929 – the financial affects were felt around the world.
Street scene on Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929, the day the New
York stock market crashed and the day that many mark as the
beginning of the Great Depression.
Depression Work Sheet
http://www.chs.chicousd.org/teachers/DanielWebb/documents/Chapter_15/Section_2/Study_Guide_15_2.pdf
The Rise of Nazism
After the defeat in the First World War,
Germany becomes a democracy. Social
Democrats and Liberal parties form the new
government. The enormous costs of the war
cause rampant inflation. Unemployment
rises to over five million. Large parts of the
population live in fear of falling back into
19th-century poverty. Nationalist parties and
the newly founded National Socialist German
Workers Party (NSDAP) blame the
democratic constitution, the parties
supporting the new republic and the unjust
provisions of the peace treaty of Versailles
for the chaos.
But above all it is "the Jew" who is being blamed: The German worker is
being ruined by "Jewish Capital" and threatened by "Jewish Bolshevism"
that wants to turn him into a slave.
The Nazi party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler gains more votes in
every election. It promises to "restore honor" to the Germans, to renew
political order and to bring back "work and bread."
The Nazi party under
the leadership of
Adolph Hitler gained
more votes in every
election. He appealed
to the poor and the
powerless. They
promised to "restore
honor" to Germans, to
renew political order
and to bring back
"work and bread."
"Women! Millions of men without work.
Millions of children without a future. Save
the German family. Vote for Adolf Hitler!"
Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the
Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the
rise of Superpowers.
Movie poster: The Eternal Jew
The United States and the Soviet Union
German Propaganda
Vie for power.
Holocaust
Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews.
As Hitler's plan unfolded, mass arrests of Jews were ordered. Men, women
and children of all ages were herded into town squares and railway yards in
cities throughout Europe. Adults with a trade and in good physical health
were taken to work camps where they were forced to work as slaves to
supply the German army with food, clothing, weapons and ammunition.
Adults who were sick or too weak to work were taken to death camps where
they were either hanged, shot or gassed to death by the thousands. Their
bodies, stripped of clothing, jewelry and even the gold fillings in their teeth,
were either dumped and buried in mass graves or cremated in large ovens
and open pits.
Many school-aged children suffered the same fate as the sick and elderly.
Some were spared the death camps, but their fate was just as horrible. They
were used as subjects in all kinds of medical experiments. Some were given
germs that caused diseases, and once sick, injected with experimental
medicines to study how the human body would respond.
An estimated 12 million people died in the holocaust.
http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/ns_camps.htm The full story.
Europe became divided after World War II
Origins of the Cold War
The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union
and the western democracies especially the United States.
So why were these two super powers
so distrustful of the other?
United States
Soviet Union
Free Elections
No Elections or fixed
elections
Democratic
Autocratic/Dictatorship
Capitalist
Communist
Survival of the
fittest
Everybody helps
everyone else
Richest world
power
Poor economic base
Personal freedom
Society controlled by
the secret police
Freedom of the
media
Total censorship
Causes of the Cold War
* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's
atomic bomb
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone
of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear
secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into
Eastern Europe + broken election
promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western
border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world
communism
Causes of the Cold War
* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe +
broken election promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism
The Rise of Superpowers
To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering
military, immense international political power and, a strong national ideology.
1945
United States
Soviet Union
British Empire
British Commonwealth
Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the
end of the Cold War and German reunification.
Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union
First, the Soviets underestimated the degree to which the non-Russian ethnic
groups in the country (which was more than fifty percent of the total population)
would resist assimilation into a Russianized State.
Second, their economic planning failed to meet the needs of the State, which was
caught up in a vicious arms race with the United States (more spending on military
needs than the peoples needs). This led to gradual economic decline, eventually
necessitating the need for reform.
Finally, the ideology of Communism, which the Soviet Government worked to instill
in the hearts and minds of its population, never took firm root, and eventually lost
whatever influence it had originally carried.
In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet
Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries.
German Reunification
Unification means making two or more parts as one.
From 1945 until 1990,
Germany was divided into
two countries: East Germany
and West Germany. East
Germany had a Communist
government and West
Germany was a democracy.
The city of Berlin was also
divided. East Berlin became
the capital of East Germany
and West Berlin was a part of
West Germany.
The German reunification took place on October 3, 1990, when East Germany
again became a part of the Federal Republic of Germany. The wall that divided
East and West Berlin, a symbol of the Iron Curtain that divided the country,
came down. People were now free to travel all over Germany.
References
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http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Palms/2460/causes.html
http://www.cim.edu/download/dlEvRevRusOutline.pdf
http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/tr/Treaty_of_Versailles
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/0015
7eea.gif
http://www.coldwar.org/articles/90s/fall_of_the_soviet_union.asp
http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/History/General%5CRise_
of_Superpowers_After_WWII-81.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Superpower_map_1945.PNG
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/what%20was%20the%20cold%20war.h
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Created by Debra Harrington – Yeager Middle School