Transcript Political cartoon on the causes that led to World War I

The student will explain conflict and
change in Europe to the 21st century.
Political
cartoon
on the
causes
that led
to World
War I
Imperialism
European nations ruled smaller countries,
called colonies, and competed with each
other to amass more colonies. Germany
and Italy decided they wanted a colonial
empires like France and Great Britain.
Arms Race
The more one nation built up its army and
navy, the more other nations felt they had
to do the same. Nations needed bigger
and better armies and navies to protect
their colonies.
Nationalism
Nationalism gave groups of subject peoples
(those people who were under the control of
another country’s government) the idea of
forming independent nations of their own.
Alliance System
Triple Entente
Britain
Central Powers
Germany
France
Austro-Hungarian
Empire
Russia
Ottoman Empire
For Twenty years, the nations of Europe had
been making alliances. The danger of these
alliances was that an argument between two
countries could draw all the other nations
into a fight.
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
On July 28, 1914, Gavrilo
Princip, a member of the
Serbian Black Hand,
assassinated Archduke
Franz Ferdinand of AustriaHungary in Sarajevo.
In response, Austria-Hungary issued the July Ultimatum to
Serbia which made demands that no sovereign nation could
accept (they blamed Serbia for the assassination) The
Serbian government refused to comply and the alliance
system mobilized with Russia coming to the aid of Serbia.
This led Germany to come to the aid of Austria-Hungary and
then France to support Russia.
Major developments
following World War I:
The Russian Revolution
The Treaty of Versailles
Worldwide depression
The rise of Nazism.
The Russian Revolution
1904-1917 – A series of Crises
1905 – Russo-Japanese War
Japan wins some key islands
once owned by Russia
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
Peasants approach the Czar’s winter
palace in St. Petersburg with a
petition asking for better work
conditions and food. Troops opened
fire on the crowd of women and
children and as many as 1000 die.
The Duma
a legislative body made by the Czar
in response to national unrest – he
dissolved it weeks later. Others met,
yet did nothing.
WWI – 1914-1917
An unmitigated disaster for
Russia. Weak generals, poorly
equipped troops (some sent
with no gun!) 4 million Russian
soldiers die in the first year.
The war drained the
government money reserves
and food shortages begin.
Rasputin
Nicholas II goes to the front, his
wife turns to a holy man/psychic
for help in running the
government. Russians are
furious about this.
Czar Nicholas II is overthrown. He and his family are executed.
The Treaty of Versailles
In 1919, this treaty put an official end to World War I. Since Germany
was the loser, they had to agree to its provisions:
Restricted German armed forces
Created the League of Nations
The purpose of the
organization was to arbitrate
conflicts between nations
before they lead to war.
Loss of Territory
Loss of German colonies
around the world, and loss
of German territory to
France, Denmark, and
Poland.
Reparations
It required that Germany accept responsibility for the war and was
thus obliged to pay large amounts of compensation to other
countries. Officially put at $33,000,000,000, a sum that many economists
deemed to be excessive. The economic problems that the payments
brought are cited as one of the causes of the rise of dictator Adolf Hitler,
and inevitably led to the outbreak World War II.
Worldwide Depression
Stock Market crash of 1929 – the financial affects were felt around the world.
Street scene on Black Thursday, Oct. 24, 1929, the day the
New York stock market crashed and the day that many mark
as the beginning of the Great Depression.
Depression Work Sheet
http://www.chs.chicousd.org/teachers/DanielWebb/documents/Chapter_15/Section_2/Study_Guide_15_2.pdf
The Rise of Nazism
After the defeat in the First
World War, Germany becomes a
democracy. Social Democrats
and Liberal parties form the
new government. The
enormous costs of the war
cause rampant inflation.
Unemployment rises to over
five million.
Large parts of the population live in fear of falling back into
19th-century poverty. Nationalist parties and the newly
founded National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)
blame the democratic constitution, the parties supporting the
new republic and the unjust provisions of the peace treaty of
Versailles for the chaos.
The
Nazi
Party
put
forth
these
ideals.
The Nazi party under
the leadership of
Adolph Hitler gained
more votes in every
election. He appealed
to the poor and the
powerless. They
promised to "restore
honor" to Germans, to
renew political order
and to bring back
"work and bread."
"Women! Millions of men without work.
Millions of children without a future. Save
the German family. Vote for Adolf Hitler!"
Explain the impact of WWII in terms of the
Holocaust, the origins of the Cold War, and the
rise of Superpowers.
Movie poster: The Eternal Jew
The United States and the Soviet Union
German Propaganda
Vie for power.
Most Nazi
propaganda was
directed at Jews. This
early image appeared
in the Nazi magazine
Der Stürmer in 1930,
before the Nazis
came into power.
It states “The year has ended, the struggle
continues”. In such propaganda, Germans are
shown as a strong, handsome and superior race.
Jews are shown as ugly, weak, deceitful and
conniving.
Holocaust
Hitler blamed Germany’s problems on the Jews.
As Hitler's plan unfolded, mass arrests of Jews were ordered. Men, women
and children of all ages were herded into town squares and railway yards in
cities throughout Europe. Adults with a trade and in good physical health
were taken to work camps where they were forced to work as slaves to
supply the German army with food, clothing, weapons and ammunition.
Adults who were sick or too weak to work were taken to death camps where
they were either hanged, shot or gassed to death by the thousands. Their
bodies, stripped of clothing, jewelry and even the gold fillings in their teeth,
were either dumped and buried in mass graves or cremated in large ovens
and open pits.
Many school-aged children suffered the same fate as the sick and elderly.
Some were spared the death camps, but their fate was just as horrible. They
were used as subjects in all kinds of medical experiments. Some were given
germs that caused diseases, and once sick, injected with experimental
medicines to study how the human body would respond.
An estimated 12 million people died in the holocaust.
http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/ns_camps.htm The full story.
Europe became divided after World War II
Origins of the Cold War
The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet Union
and the western democracies especially the United States.
So why were these two super powers so
distrustful of the other?
United States
Free Elections
Democratic
Soviet Union
No Elections or fixed elections
Autocratic/Dictatorship
Capitalist
Survival of the fittest
Richest world power
Communist
Everybody helps everyone else
Poor economic base
Personal freedom
Freedom of the
media
Society controlled by the secret police
Total censorship
Causes of the Cold War
* American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe +
broken election promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism
The Rise of Superpowers
To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong
economy, an overpowering military, immense
international political power and, a strong national
ideology.
United States
Soviet Union
British Empire
British Commonwealth
World Superpowers in 1945
Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the
end of the Cold War and German reunification.
Reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union
First, the Soviets underestimated the degree to which the non-Russian ethnic
groups in the country (which was more than fifty percent of the total population)
would resist assimilation into a Russianized State.
Second, their economic planning failed to meet the needs of the State, which was
caught up in a vicious arms race with the United States (more spending on military
needs than the peoples needs). This led to gradual economic decline, eventually
necessitating the need for reform.
Finally, the ideology of Communism, which the Soviet Government worked to instill
in the hearts and minds of its population, never took firm root, and eventually lost
whatever influence it had originally carried.
In December of 1991, as the world watched in amazement, the Soviet
Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries.
German Reunification
Unification means making two or more parts as one.
From 1945 until 1990,
Germany was divided into
two countries: East
Germany and West
Germany. East Germany
had a Communist
government and West
Germany was a
democracy. The city of
Berlin was also divided.
East Berlin became the
capital of East Germany
and West Berlin was a part
of West Germany.
The German reunification took place on October 3, 1990,
when East Germany again became a part of the Federal
Republic of Germany. The wall that divided East and West
Berlin, a symbol of the Iron Curtain that divided the country,
came down. People were now free to travel all over Germany.
Created by Debra Harrington – Yeager Middle School
References
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http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Palms/2460/causes.html
http://www.cim.edu/download/dlEvRevRusOutline.pdf
http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/tr/Treaty_of_Versailles
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/maps/mhi/0015
7eea.gif
http://www.coldwar.org/articles/90s/fall_of_the_soviet_union.asp
http://www.studyworld.com/newsite/ReportEssay/History/General%5CRise_
of_Superpowers_After_WWII-81.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Superpower_map_1945.PNG
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/what%20was%20the%20cold%20war.h
tm
http://crookedtimber.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/versailles.jpg
http://www.annefrankguide.net/en-US/content/struggle.jpg
http://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/assets/images/500x/poster-womensave-family.jpg