Transcript Chapter 19 Section 1

Bell Ringer
 When and where did the Industrial Revolution
begin?
Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
#1
Chapter 19 Section 1
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Great Britain 1780s
 Started Industrial
Revolution
 5 Reasons to why it
started in Great
Britain
G.B. Contributing Factors
Better farming practices
1.


More food (potatoes)
Money for manufactured
goods
Population growth
2.

Large labor force
Ready supply of capital
3.


Capital- $ to invest in
machines & factories
Entrepreneurs- person
interested in finding new
business opportunities
G.B. Contributing Factors Con’t
4.
Natural resources


5.
Rivers- Water Power &
Transportation
Coal & iron oreManufacturing
Huge colonial empire

Markets- places to sell
goods
18th – 19th c. Changes in Cotton
 Cottage industry-
spinning and weaving in
own home

New inventions brought
workers to factories; flying
shuttle
 1782- James Watt improved
the steam engine so it could
drive machinery
 Import of Cotton



1760- 2.5 mil lbs
1787- 22 mil lbs
1840- 366 mil lbs
18th – 19th c. Coal and Iron
 Steam engine ran on
coal
↑ (increased) coal
production
 Puddling- process of
burning away impurities in
crude iron
 Better quality of iron
 Iron production
 1740- 17,000 tons


1780- 70,000 tons

1852- 3 mil tons
19th c. Railroads
 1804- 1st steam-powered
 1830- The Rocket- first
public train

Liverpool to Manchester
 Railroad Track

1840- 2,000 miles
1850- 6,000 miles
 New jobs, cheap
transportation
Factories
 New labor system

Shift work
 Behavioral expectations



On time
Fired for being drunk
Child workers beaten
Bell Ringer
 Who was Karl Marx?
Use Chapter 19 Section 1!
#2
Chapter 19 Section 1 Cont.
THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The Spread of Industrialization
 Mid 19th c.
 Britain was the 1st and
richest industrial nation
Europe
 Belgium, France, and
Germany
 Government paid for
infrastructure
Spread of Industrialization Cont.
United States
 Farmers


1800- 6/7 of laborers
1860- ½ of laborers
 Increase in population
 Transportation


Railroads
Steamboat (1807)
 Factory workers =
women/girls/
The Clermont
1st Steamboat
Social Impact in Europe
 I.R. drastically changed the
social life of Europe
 Growth of cities
 Emergence of two new
social classes


Industrial Middle Class
Industrial Working Class
Growth of Population and Cities
 European Population



1750- 140 mil
1850-266 mil
More food
 European Cities



Home to industries
50% of G.B. population
lived in cities (1850)
Terrible living conditions
The Industrial Middle Class
 Industrial
Capitalism- economic
system based on
industrial production


Produced the industrial
middle class
Built factories, bought
machines, understood
markets
The Industrial Working Class
 Terrible working





conditions
12-16 hr work days
6 days a week
No employment security
No minimum wage
Women and Children


2/3rd of laborers
Factory Act of 1833

Minimum age of 9
Early Socialism
 Socialism- government
owns and controls some
means of production

Factories
 Wanted to replace
competition with
cooperation
 Karl Marx
Bell Ringer
 What is Liberalism?
Use Chapter 19 Section 2!
#3
Chapter 19 Section 2
REACTION AND REVOLUTION
The Conservative Order
 Conservatism
Political philosophy based
on tradition and social
stability
 Viewed religion as
important
 Hated revolution
The Conservative Order
 Consort of Europe
 G.B., Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France
 Agreed to future meetings to maintain peace
 Principle of Intervention
 Countries could intervene when revolutions threatened
monarchies
 An alliance between monarchies
Forces of Change
 Liberalism


Political philosophy based on
Enlightenment principles
People should be as free
from government restraint
as possible
Civil rights should be
guaranteed
Freedom of assembly,
speech, and press
 Based on US Bill of Rights


Religious toleration and
separation of church and
state
Forces of Change
 Nationalism


Common institutions,
language, traditions,
customs
Each nationality should
have its own government
Liberals supported the
nationalists
Primary Ideologies- Use Notes and Book
Conservatism
Liberalism
Nationalism
Bell Ringer
 What is militarism?
Use Chapter 19 Section 3!
#4
Chapter 19 Section 3
NATIONALISM
Breakdown of Concert of Europe
 Austria and Russia  Enemies
 Both wanted Balkans
 Russia withdrew from European affairs
 Austria had no friends
 Opened door to Italian and German unification
Nationalism in Italy
 Italian Peninsula was
controlled by Austria
 Italy allied with France
to provoke a fight with
Austria
 Giuseppe GaribaldiItalian patriot


“Red Shirts”
Took over Peninsula
 Unified Italy
Nationalism in Germany
 Aided by Prussia’s Prime
Minister Otto von Bismarck


Realpolitik- politics of
reality (not theory or ethics)
Militarism- reliance on
military strength
 Prussia and German states
became allies


Defeated the French in 1870 in
the Franco Prussian War
Germany Confederation
became the most powerful in
Europe
Nationalism in Great Britain
 1832- More male voters
 Industrial Middle Class

Continuous economic
growth
 Queen Victoria, 1837-
1901


Longest in English history
Victorian Age
Nationalism in France
 Louis-Napoleon, 1848
 Nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte
 Restore empire
 Voted on by people of
France


97% yes
Dec. 2, 1852-70 Emperor
Napoleon III
 Authoritarian
 Ended after Prussian
defeat
Bell Ringer
#5
 Which four other nations (besides Italy, Germany,
France, and Great Britain) experienced a surge of
nationalism during the mid- to late-1800s?
 Use Chapter 19 Section 3!
Nationalism in the Austrian Empire
 Multinational
 Many nations within the
empire
 Defeated by Prussia,
1866
 Compromise of 1867Dual Monarchy


Austria-Hungary
Separate constitutions,
legislatures, government,
and capitals
Vienna, Austria
 Budapest, Hungary

Nationalism in Russia
 Early 19th c- Rural

Little impact from the
Industrial Revolution
 Czar Alexander II
 Emancipation- freed
serfs, 1861
 Conservatives wanted less
reform while Liberals
wanted more reform


Caused conflict
Resulted in nothing getting
accomplished
Nationalism in the United States
 Divided on the issue of slavery



Banned import of slaves in 1808
1800- 1 million slaves
1860- 4 million slaves
 South depended on slave labor for cotton
 North called for Abolition (end slavery)
 1860- South secedes (formal withdrawal from a nation)
 American Civil War (1861-1865)


Emancipation Proclamation- freed slaves in Confederate
territory
13th Amendment- abolished slavery in all of US
 Confederacy lost and rejoined the Union
Europe 1815
Europe 1850
Europe 1871
Europe 1913
Bell Ringer
 What did Thomas Alva Edison invent?
 What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?
Use Chapter 20 Section 1!
#6
Chapter 20 Sections 1-2
THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY
&
THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY
2nd Industrial Revolution
 Steel
Bessemer Processtechnique used to turn
iron into steel

Mass production of steel
 Electricity
Thomas Edison- perfected
the incandescent light
bulb

Established power plants
to generate electricity
2nd Industrial Revolution
 Steel
Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie
Steel Company
Created a monopoly (no
competition) on steel in the US
 Vertical Integrationowning supply, manufacturing,
and distribution companies
 Horizontal Integrationbuying competing companies

 Social Darwinism-
strongest businesses survive
2nd Industrial Revolution
 Electricity
Made industry grow


Led to the invention of
appliances



Toaster, washer, razor, etc
Made travel cheaper


Shift work (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
Street cars, subways, etc
Alexander G. Bell- invented
the telephone
Transcontinental
Railroad- connected eastern
US to western US
Changes in Travel
 Street Cars
 San Francisco
 1873
 Bridges
 Brooklyn Bridge
 1883
 Subways
 New York City
 1897
 Airplane
 Orville and Wilbur Wright
 1st flight at Kitty Hawk, NC
 1903, 120 ft, 12 sec.
Education and Women
 State funded schools

Increase in literacy
 Women’s Rights Movement



Suffrage (right to vote)
Feminism- movement for
women’s rights
More job opportunities


Clerks, secretaries
Fewer children
Spread of Mass Culture
 American Leisure

Amusement parks





Roller coaster and Ferris
wheel
Bicycling, tennis
Theater
Boxing, baseball
Snack foods- Hershey Bar
and Coca Cola
Trade (Labor) Unions
 Trade (Labor) Unions
Organized workers in the
same type of industry


Worked together to improve
conditions of laborers


Steel, coal, textile, etc.
Safety, hours, pay, etc.
Strike- form of protest to
promote union goals

Employees did not work
unless the employers met
their demands