Transcript The Ottoman Empire

Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons
The Ottoman
Empire
Empire of Faith: Ottomans
The Ottomans:#1
Turkish
speaking from
Central Asia
Muslim
The last great Islamic empire
in the world (1300-1900)
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Beginning 0-4:10
 Osman
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I (1280-1324)#2
founded Ottomans
Ghazis: Muslim warriors who would
conquer lands for plunder, glory, and
to spread Islam
 Ghazis took control of old Seljuk
territories, and expanded into
Christian-held lands

The Ottomans
Osman I
and his
Ghazi
Warriors
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Devshirme 4:10 – 11:05
Civil Service and Social Structure
Devshirme
 Practice of taking of young Christian boys,
converting them to Islam, and training them for
positions in either:
a) military – “Men of the Sword”
b) civil service – “Men of the Pen”
Men of Husbandry - Farming
Men of Negotiations – merchants
#3
Civil Service and Social Structure
Janissaries
 were trained as elite infantry in the Ottoman
military
Vizier
 High-ranking advisor to the Sultan. Often came
from the devshirme system
#3
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Sultan Mehmet II 11:05 - 12:55
Story of Mankind – Siege of Constantinople
 Sultan
Mehmet II (1400) #4
 conquered
Constantinople
1453
 renamed it Istanbul
 new
capital of the Ottoman
Empire – song - long song
 Effects

#4
ends Byzantine Empire

1000 year old empire
 Ottoman
control of trade #5
 European sea exploration for trade
routes to east to avoid the
Ottomans
Mehmed II
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Ruled the Ottoman Empire
from 1451 to 1481
In 1453, he toppled the
Byzantine Empire, capturing
Constantinople, renaming it
Istanbul, and making it the
new Ottoman capital
Expanded the empire to
become the ruler of “two
lands” (Europe and Asia) and
“two seas” (the Mediterranean
and the Black)
Scene from the battle
defending Constantinople
from a 1499 painting
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Cannons and Strategy 12:55- 16:24
Expansion
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Under their leader, Mehmet II,
the Ottomans besiege and
capture Constantinople 1453
This is a serious blow, as well as
a threat, to Christian Europe.
Ottomans were the first to use
large numbers of muskets and
cannons, which gave them
military and technological
superiority #5
Early 16th-century Ottoman volley gun
Siege of Constantinople
The battle for Constantinople 4:51
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Siege of Constantinople 16:24 – 21:29
Expansion

The Ottomans then begin to expand eastward
into Muslim-controlled territory

Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 after
murdering his father and brothers (1512–1520)

Selim was an effective Sultan and General
Sultan: title of Ottoman rulers
Expansion

Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Syria, and
sections of Egypt.

Captures the holy cities of Mecca and Medina

Ottomans now control much of the territory of the
original Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates

Turkish Sultans would later take the title of caliph,
giving them religious authority
Ottoman Expansion
What was the
source of
Ottoman power?
#5
1. Skillful
Government
and
bureaucracy:
refers to the administrative system governing any
large institution
2. Control of Trade
Location
Control
of the
Waterways
3. Wealth from
trade and taxes
The lavishly decorated throne room of
Topkapi Palace, home to Ottoman rulers until
the early 20th century.
4. Superior
technology
(the benefit of diffusion)
Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottoman Empire
reaches its height under
Selim’s son, Suleiman.
 Suleiman rules for 46
years, from 1520 to 1566
#6

Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48
Suleiman the Magnificent
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His was sometimes called Suleiman the Lawgiver or
Suleiman the Magnificent.
Suleiman was also a great general. His armies
conquered much of southern Europe (The
Balkans) and North Africa – expands empire
Expansion is finally stopped when he lays siege
to Vienna, but fails to capture it.
Golden Age
Sultan Suleiman I
(1520-1566)
#6
Empire of Faith - Ottomans

Suleiman 27:00 – 33:00
Show Suleiman the Magnificent 5:51
Living in the
Ottoman Empire
Pros and Cons
(see chart)
Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p.578579 and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons
Sultan Suleiman I
Magnificent or Lawgiver #6
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skillful gov’t, bureaucracy
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Reforms to improve gov’t,
justice and economy
Tolerance 
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Shariah - Timar (land grants)
millets:
Self governing; non-Muslim
communities but loyalty to
Sultans #7
Improved lives of slaves
art, literature, architecture
“Turkish style” (minarets)
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Domed Mosque
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Devshirme
Prosperous people=more
taxes
Social Structure – set
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Men of the Pen
Men of the Sword
Ruled with absolute
power
By 1540 rule ½ “civilized
world”
decline = inflation/poverty
surrenders
Civil Service and Social Structure
Millets #7
 Provinces of the empire were allowed their own
local government.
 Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan
but were ruled by own religious leaders
 Included Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Christians
Currently a Museum, formerly an
Imperial Mosque (1453–1931) and
Roman Catholic Cathedral (1204–
1261); originally constructed as an
Eastern Orthodox Cathedral (562–
1204, 1261–1453).
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey

The "Blue Mosque" of
Sultan Amet I in Istanbul,
Turkey. It was designed by
the architect Mehemed Aja
and built between 1609 and
1616 A.D. The sultan
wanted his mosque to rival,
if not surpass, the splendor
of Hagia Sophia. This gem
of Islamic architecture is
known as the "Blue Mosque"
because of the use of that
color in the tiles and
frescoes that decorate its
interior walls. It has six
minarets, a unique
configuration.
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Safavid Rivals 38:18 – 42:15
Chief Rivals: Safavids #8
Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King #10 )
1587 – 1629 – Ruled during Golden age #10
 Persia (present day Iran) Capital: Isfahan
 welcomed outside influence
 Trade and commerce
 Disputes: #9
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 Control
of Mesopotamia
 Religious:
 Safavids:
Shiite
 Ottomans: Sunni
(Safavid from Islam DVD)
Empire of Faith - Ottomans
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Siege of Vienna and Death of Suleiman 42:50 – end
Or 48:50 - end
Siege of Vienna: 1529
Ottoman Empire
in Decline #11
The Europeans
destroyed their
strengths.
Ottoman Strength #1:
Control of trade.
Europeans
all water route
to Asia
Around Africa
Ottoman Strength #2:
Wealth
Discovery
Americas
fantastic
of the
wealth for
Europe from Aztec and
Inca gold and silver.
Ottoman Strength #3:
Technology
Industrial
Revolution
surpassed
the Ottoman
superiority in technology
especially in production of
weapons
The Empire
Ends #12
Three reasons:
1. Nationalism: People
ruled by the Ottomans
wanted independence
(Internal Force)
Europeans:
Serbs, Croats,
Bulgarians, Greeks.
Arabs
2. European Imperialism
(External Force)
Industrial
revolution = need for
raw materials
European industries wanted
new markets
Large Military forces to control
trade = Navy
3. Competition
between European
nations led to
WWI in 1914
Causes of WWI
1914-1918 Causes Video
 Rise
of Nationalism in Europe
Competition
for Colonies
Arms races and militarism
Alliances
The Ottomans sided with
Central Powers (Germany)
and lost.
Treaty of Versailles
On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied
Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and
Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles,
formally ending the war
WWI Effects on Arabs

Angered by Treaty/agreement: Why?
 Promises
were made and broken to Arabs
about setting up independent Arab Kingdoms
for revolting against Ottoman rule
 Arab land was divided up between the British
and French
 Sykes-Picot Agreement
 Mandates:
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A territory administered but not owned by a member
of the League of Nations.
Mandates
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A territory administered but not owned by
a member of the League of Nations.
Turkey becomes
a nation
(1923)
Treaty of Lausanne