Transcript Ideologies & Upheavals ce 1815-1848

Ideologies & Upheavals
c.e. 1815-1848
Eastview High School – AP European History
A History of Western Society
Ch23 Section 1 – The Peace Agreement
McKay et al. 8th ed.
Essential Questions
How do the European powers attempt to
achieve balance of power throughout
Europe after the Napoleonic empire?
 How did the political revolution, detailed
in France and resisted by European
monarchs, eventually break out again after
1815?
 How does the “dual revolution” shape the
ideologies of the nineteenth century?

Balance of Power
1.
2.
The victors (mainly
the alliance of Russia,
Austria, Prussia, and
Great Britain)
restored the French
boundaries of 1792
and the Bourbon
dynasty.
They made other
changes in the
boundaries of Europe,
establishing Prussia as
a “sentinel” against
France, and created a
new kingdom out of
Belgium and Holland.
Balance of Power
3.
4.
It was believed that
the concept of the
balance of power, an
international
equilibrium of
political and military
forces, would
preserve peace in
Europe.
But the demands of
the victors, especially
the Prussians and the
Russians, for
compensation
threatened the
balance.
(continued)
The Representatives at the
Congress of Vienna, 1815
Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria:
1.
a.
Balance of power throughout Europe
b.
Gave up territories in Belgium and southern
Germany
c.
Expanded by taking Venetia and Lombardy in
northern Italy AND land on the eastern coast of
the Adriatic Sea
Robert Castlereagh of Great Britain:
2.
a.
Balance of power throughout Europe
b.
Won colonies and strategic outposts and desired
freedom of the seas
c.
Sought to eliminate French threat to its
commercial interests
The Representatives at the
Congress of Vienna, 1815
Tsar Alexander I of Russia:
3.
a. Wanted to restore and rule Poland - this was
too much according to Metternich & Castlereagh
b. Ended up with a smaller version of the Polish kingdom
Prince Karl Hardenberg of Prussia:
4.
a.
Wanted the large and wealthy kingdom of Saxony this was too much according to Metternich &
Castlereagh
b. Ended up with part of Saxony instead of the whole approximately 2/5
The Representatives at the
Congress of Vienna, 1815
5.
Charles Talleyrand of France:
a. Balance of power throughout Europe
b. Boundaries restored to what they
were in 1792
c. Lost Caribbean possessions to
Great Britain
d. Pay an indemnity of 700 million
Francs
e. Support an occupational army for
five years
Intervention & Repression
1.
Under Metternich,
Austria, Prussia, and
Russia led a crusade
against liberalism.
a. They formed a Holy
Alliance to check
future liberal and
revolutionary activity.
Conservative Ideology


When liberals
succeeded in Spain
and in the Two Sicilies,
the Holy Alliance
intervened to restore
conservatism.
However, Britain
blocked intervention
in Latin America and
encouraged the
Monroe Doctrine
(1823).
The Carlsbad Decrees
Metternich’s policies
also dominated the
German
Confederation.
 Metternich had the
Carlsbad Decrees
issued in 1819.
 These decrees
repressed subversive
ideas and
organizations.

Metternich and Conservatism
A.
Metternich represented the
view that the best state
blended monarchy,
bureaucracy, and aristocracy.
B.
He hated liberalism, which
he claimed stirred up the
lower classes and caused
war and bloodshed.
C.
Liberalism also stirred up
national aspirations in
central Europe, which could
lead to war and the breakup
of the Austrian Empire.
D.
The empire, which was
dominated by the minority
Germans, contained many
ethnic groups, including
Hungarians & Czechs, which
was a potential source of
weakness & dissatisfaction.
Questions for your review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What principles guided the victorious allies at the
Congress of Vienna?
What were the main resolutions of the peace
settlement arranged in Vienna in 1815?
Why did France and Austria intervene in Spain and
Italy respectively?
What were the Carlsbad Decrees?
What was the Holy Alliance? What was its purpose?
Why did Metternich believe in conservatism?