Transcript Wars and Foreign Entanglements

Wars and Foreign
Entanglements
By: Cory Bennett, Dylan Johnson,
and Ty Woolf
French and Indian War
• 1754-1763
• Between Great Britain and France
• Both sides utilized Native Americans for
their sides.
• Fought in North America
• Part of the Seven Years War between
Britain and France
French and Indian War
• Fought over Colony possession between
France and Britain as well as territorial
conquest of the Americas.
• Started due to increasing population and
need for larger markets and territory
between France and Britain
• British Victory
American Revolution
• 1775-1783
• War over American Independence from
Britain
• United States vs. Great Britain
• Fought in North America
• The 13 colonies resented British colonial
rule without representation from the
colonies
American Revolution
• America fought with conventional as well as
guerilla forces against the British, resulting in
American independence
• American forces won, creating the United States
of America
• At conclusion of the war, the U.S. created a
weak central government – The Articles of
Confederation
• States were governed by their own state
governments and policies.
War of 1812
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1812-1815
Fought between America and Great Britain
Fought in the United States
War was declared by the United States on
Britain for a number of reasons.
• America was victorious over
Britain…AGAIN!
Mexican-American War
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1846-1848
United States vs. Mexico
America annexed Texas in 1845
Mexico still saw Texas as Mexican territory
even after the Revolution in 1836
• Mexico threatened America with war if
U.S. annexed Texas
Mexican-American War
• American military conquered Mexican
territory of now Nevada, Arizona,
California
• United States Army captured Mexico City,
causing Mexico to relinquish control of its
conquered territories
• Border between Mexico and U.S. is the
Rio Grande River.
Civil War
• 1860-1865
• Fought in the United States
• Northern “Free” States vs. Southern
“Slave” States
• Southern States seceded from the Union
to form the Confederacy
• War was fought over primarily the
abolishment of Slavery in new territories
Spanish-American War
• April 25, 1898-August 12, 1898
• Fought in Cuba
• Started after political pressure on the U.S.
Government by the public after the sinking
of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor
• Cubans showed much resistance toward
their Spanish rulers
Spanish-American War
• American public was angered by Spanish
atrocities toward the Cuban resistance and
civilians
• American Naval forces won numerous
battles in the Caribbean as well as the
Pacific
World War I
• 1914-1918
• American Intervention: 1917-1918
• Central Powers: Germany, AustriaHungary, Turkey, Bulgaria (later joined)
• Allied Powers: U.S.A., Great Britain,
France, Russia (early withdrawal), Italy,
Japan (later joined)
World War I
• Fought in Central Europe and the Atlantic
Ocean
• Caused by:
• 1) Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand,
causing polarization of European Powers
• 2)Imperialistic Power Tensions
World War I
• American Intervention caused by:
• A) Unrestricted German Submarine
Warfare
• B) Zimmerman Note from Germany to
Mexico
World War I
• Armistice Signed on November 11, 1918.
• Treaty of Versailles ended the war
officially June of 1919.
• Wilson introduced the League of Nations
• American Senate rejected U.S. entry.
World War II
• 1939-1945
• Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allied Powers: U.S.A., Great Britain,
France, Soviet Union
• Nazi Germany territorial expansion and
fascist policies
• Italy signs treaty with Germany and began
fascist expansionism
• Japan signs treaty with Axis Powers in
1941
Chuck Norris was born on May 5th, 1945…the Germans surrendered on may 7th. Coincidence? I think
not!
World War II
• American Intervention: after Pearl Harbor
attack by Empire of Japan
• Germany declares war on U.S., thus
creating a two front war for the United
States and her allies.
• Germany Surrendered on May 7, 1945
after the fall of Berlin to the Soviets
• Japan surrendered September 2, 1945, as
a result of the dropping of the A-Bomb.
Korean War
• 1950-1953
• Enemy: North Korea (Communists) and
Communist China
• Allies: U.S. and South Korea (Democrats)
• North Koreans, backed by China, invaded
South Korea
• America, following its Containment policy
of Communism, aided South Korea
Korean War
• American UN forces pushed back North
Korean forces until China intervened…
• War never officially ended…but armistice
was signed after stalemated fighting and
negotiating lasting for two years.
• Current border between North and South
Korea is located on the 38th Parallel.
Cold War
• 1949-1991
• NOT an actual war!!! However…
• There were actual confrontations between
the two sides militarily
• Between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
• Mainly a time of political tensions between
Communism and Capitalism
• Included a series of Arms (Nuclear
weapons) and Space Races (Sputnik and
Apollo) between the super powers.
Cold War
• Germany and Berlin split between the
allied powers at the conclusion of WWII
• Soviets cut off supplies to Western Berlin
(Capitalist) to try and starve out
democratic powers from Eastern Europe
• Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union and its
Eastern Bloc “allies”
• NATO signed for North Atlantic nations as
a trading pact
Cold War
• Soviet Union collapsed as a result of its
immense debt caused by military
spending…and Communism
• United States came out successful due to
lack of financial crumpling but… as a
result we are still OWNED by China.
Vietnam War
• 1955-1975
• Kennedy President
• United States, Australia, New Zealand and
South Vietnam (Democratic) vs. North
Vietnam (Communist), Viet Cong, backed
by Soviet Union and China.
• Started as a result of the increased
Communist aggression by North Vietnam
on South Vietnam
Vietnam War
• Kennedy sent in military advisors to assist South
Vietnamese forces in training to combat NVA.
• After Gulf of Tonkin Incident, large amounts of
U.S. ground troops sent to ‘Nam.
• American people saw no real reason to be in
Southeast Asia fighting a war that was not
ours…
• At the conclusion of the Tet Offensive, American
public HIGHLY disgusted by American
involvement in Vietnam.
Vietnam War
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Started with Kennedy – “Military Advisors”
Then LBJ – “more troops…”
And Ended with Nixon – “Vietnamization”
After lack of public support and no obvious
goal/result, America withdrew…hastily.
• No treaty. No pact. No official ending to
the war.
Vietnam War
• American public outraged upon hearing of
the My Lai Massacre
• Nixon’s Operation Linebacker and
Linebacker II both failed and increased
public distrust of government.
• Nixon’s Operation Menu:
Bombing of Laos and
Cambodia
Operation Linebacker II, December 1972
Operation Irene
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October 3-October 4, 1993
Mogadishu, Somalia
U.S. Task Force vs. Somalian Militia
U.S. Delta Force and Rangers were sent
in to Mogadishu to capture war lords of the
Habr Gidr clan.
• Two Black Hawk helicopters shot down by
RPGs.
Operation Irene
• U.S. forces attempting rescue of downed
aircraft pilots were cut off
• Coalition force of U.S., Pakistan Army, and
Malaysian troops
Persian Gulf War
• 1990-1995
• Iraq vs. mainly U.N. forces (mainly U.S.)
• Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein invaded
Kuwait to control their oil to prosper after a
devastating war against Pakistan
• U.N. threatened Iraq to withdrawal troops
from Kuwait immediately…Iraq did not.
Therefore…
Persian Gulf War
• Coalition forces pushed Iraqi forces back
but stopped short of Baghdad, leaving
Hussein in power
• Operation Desert Storm was the first major
police action put forth by the United
Nations since its creation.
• Saddam Hussein retreated hastily back to
Iraq and proceeded to thwart coalition air
strikes and advances.
Persian Gulf War
• Saddam Hussein ordered a “Scorched
Earth Policy” throughout his military force
as they retreated
• Iraqi forces lit oil wells on fire, spilt oil into
the Persian Gulf, and launched SCUD
missiles onto Israeli civilians along with
others
The War on Terror
• October 27, 2001 – Present
• NATO forces (mainly U.S.) vs. al-Qaeda
and the Taliban
• Caused by the attacks on 9-11 on the
World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
• Criticized by the American public as
lacking a defined and identifiable enemy.
Operation Iraqi Freedom
• 2003-Present
• Reason for invasion of Iraq were
accusations toward Saddam Hussein on
possession of Nuclear, Biological, and
Chemical weapons.
• Also caused by accusations and
assumptions by America of financially
aiding families of Palestenian suicide
bombers and supporting al-Qaeda
Works Cited
• America’s History
• Liberty, Equality, Power: History of the American
People
• American Pageant
• The Fabulous Century
• Vietnam: A History
• Battlefield Somalia: The Battle of Mogadishu
• www.historycentral.com