Transcript Chapter 23
Chapter 23 Section 1 Notes Test on Friday Nationalism A feeling of intense loyalty to one’s country or group Ethnic Groups People who share a common language and traditions Militarism The build up of military power Alliance System Defense agreements among nations Entente An understanding among nations Balance of Power A system that prevents any one country from dominating the others. Causes of WWI Test question M – militarism A – alliance system I – imperialism N – nationalism Assassination of the Archduke Test Question The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, was the event that sparked the beginning of the war. The assassination would not have led to war had it not been for the alliance systems that were in place during this time. Nationalism and Imperialism Nationalism served as both a unifying and disruptive force in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Imperialism led to conflict because there were few area left to colonize Triple Alliance Test Question Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Triple Entente Test Questions Great Britain France Russia Alliances and Brewing Trouble The alliances aimed to keep peace by maintaining a balance of power. A hotbed of nationalist and ethnic rivalries existed in the early 1900s in the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe. Gavrilo Princip; Princip and other terrorists plotted the murder to advance the cause of the unification of Slavic peoples. War Begins WWI began on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia Great Britain declared war on Germany because they invaded Belgium, which had been guaranteed neutrality in an 1839 treaty. http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/ Germany invades Belgium Test Question Germany hoped to defeat France quickly by moving through Belgium and into France before they could prepare. The Belgians were harder to defeat than expected which allowed France and Great Britain time to prepare, so France didn’t fall to Germany as expected. Central Powers Test Question Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Allied Powers Test Question Great Britain France Russia Japan joined in August 1914 Italy joined in 1915 United States joined in 1917 Battle of the Marne Test Question The battle saved Paris from invasion by the Germans and boosted French morale. The battle made it clear that neither side was capable of winning the war quickly or easily. Battle of Verdun Test Question The Germans attacked the town of Verdun hoping to wipe out the French in February 1916. The Germans came within 4 miles of the city, but the French counterattacked in October driving the Germans back. The battle accomplished little. The French suffered 540,000 casualties and the Germans suffered 430,000. Verdun became a symbol of French resistance. http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/ Battle of Somme Test Question The tank was first introduced by the British in this battle, and the Germans introduced the flamethrower. The British were unable to break through German lines. When the attack was over Britain and France’s casualties totaled 615,000. German losses were estimated at 650,000. For such a high price, the Allies had only gained about 7 miles. http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/ Weapons of WWI Test Question Tank – wasn’t very reliable, but could run over machine gun nest, destroy barbed wire, and provide cover Flamethrower – could kill large numbers of people from a distance Zeppelin – used to bomb cities Bi-plane – at first used for observation, later to fight other planes in the air Machine gun – fired faster rounds than a regular gun U-boats – sank unsuspected Allied ships Poison gas – responsible for almost a million casualties in WWI first used by the Germans U-boats Test Question U-boat attacks on ships at sea eventually affected the United States and changed the course of the war. Germany had hoped their u-boats would end the war before the U.S. had a chance to enter on the side of the Allies. This did not happen, due to the convoy system. Trenches and Christmas Truce http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/tim e_1914.html