Transcript The Conquest of New France The Rivals: Britain and France

A Prelude to War…
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Exploration continued…
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Radisson& Des
Groseillers had to go to
Britain to finance their
explorations of the north.
The king’s cousin, Prince
Rupert was the main
sponsor $$$.
Their voyages led to the
creation of the Hudson
Bay Company.
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And the story of Lasalle…
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RRC de La Salle went
down the Mississipi river in
1682. He claimed that
region for the King of France.
(LOUISianna!)
 He was still looking for a
route to Asia/China.
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His neighbours ridiculed him. They called
his farm “La Chine”. Today the towns of
Lasalle & Lachine are side by side.
The Conquest of New France
The Rivals: Britain and France
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In the 1700’s, Britain and France were the major powers in
Europe
The French wanted control over Europe
The English wanted a world empire
They both wanted power, so there was conflict!
The conflicts of Europe spilled over into the North American
colonies of New France (France) & the 13 Colonies (Britain)
First Intercolonial War 1689-97
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French raided villages in Thirteen Colonies
(1690)
English forts were captured in Acadia and
Newfoundland (Nfld.) 1694-97
A treaty is signed and there is no territorial
change. The French gave back the forts to
the English.
Second Intercolonial War 1702-13
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French raided the Thirteen Colonies, captured
forts in Nfld. and Hudson Bay
English captured Port-Royal (Nova Scotia)
***Treaty of Utrecht 1713 – the French gave
up Acadia, Newfoundland and Hudson Bay
Both sides constructed forts:
–
Ex: France – Louisbourg (to protect St. Lawrence)
The French fort at Louisbourg
Third Intercolonial War 1744-48
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Colonists from the Thirteen Colonies
captured Fort Louisbourg (1745)
Treaty of Aie-la-Chapelle – Louisbourg
returned to the French but there is
renewed conflict (1748-55)
In 1755, the British deport
6,000 Acadians
PAUSE TO COMPLETE HANDOUT!
(Do handout with workbook pages 71-75)
Who will win?
• Seven Year’s War – took place in both Europe
and North America (1756-1763)
• In Canada there were early French success’:
more manpower and forts
• Later (1758-1759), British success – more
money and soldiers were allotted. They also
had the power of the Royal Navy.
• By 1759, New France faced odds of nearly 3 to
1 in terms of ships, 4 to 1 in terms of regular
soldiers, and 10 to 1 in money
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rnDj0QpfmY
History Channel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4eVwzZ9a_A
People’s history (battle only…)
James Wolfe
Marquis de Montcalm
Seven Years War 1756-63
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French victorious at first but
British regained Fort Duquesne and had
victories at Oswego, Frontenac and
Louisbourg (1758)
The seige of Quebec was in 1759…
Wolfe (English) vs. Montcalm (French) at the
Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0qbzNH
mfW0
Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759)
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Wolfe wanted to draw Montcalm into a fight before
winter – he decided to attack at Quebec City
Wolfe led elite troops up the cliffs outside Quebec to
the Plains of Abraham
Instead of waiting inside the fort for Wolfe, Montcalm
led his men out on the plains to meet Wolfe
Montcalm’s men were tired, the French were
defeated and they lost Quebec
Wolfe died during the battle, and Montcalm died from
a wound the next day
A couple of quotes from the famous
leaders…
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“If we find that Quebec is not likely to fall into our
hands…I propose to set the town on fire with
shells, to destroy the harvest, houses & cattle,
both above and below, to send off as many
Canadians as possible to Europe, & to leave
famine and desolation behind me.” (Wolfe)
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“I am happy that I shall not live to see the
surrender of Quebec.” (Montcalm)
Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759)
A little humour…
The End of New France…
Montcalm and the French defeated at Quebec
(1759).
 Montreal CAPITULATES (surrenders) and succumbs
to British rule (1760).
 War ends officially with the signing of the
Treaty of Paris (1763) – France gives up all territory in
North America except St. Pierre and Miquelon. Britain
controlled all territory east of the Mississippi River.
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The Differences Between France and
the Thirteen Colonies
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The population of New France grew slowly – there
were 70,000 people in 1760.
The population was much higher in the Thirteen
Colonies, the population was 1, 500, 000.
The economy of New France was based on the fur
trade – dependent on France.
The economy of the Thirteen Colonies was more
diverse – independent and prosperous.
Differences continued . . .
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New France had a Royal Government –
power was centralized in France
In the Thirteen Colonies, there was a
different administration for each colony (this
made it difficult to make unanimous
decisions
However, people had a say in the
government of the Thirteen Colonies