Transcript File

Serbia
Germany
45,000 DEAD
133,000 WOUNDED
1,773,000 DEAD
4,210,000 WOUNDED
Britain
Russia
908,371 DEAD
2,000,000 WOUNDED
1,700,000 DEAD
4,950,000 WOUNDED
Austria-Hungary
1,200,000 DEAD
3,620,000
WOUNDED
France
1,375,000 DEAD
4,260,000 WOUNDED
116,516 U.S. Deaths
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEETINGS IN
THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
MUST KNOW
VERSAILLES
TREATY
Treaty of Versailles
Palace of Versailles
The Hall of Mirrors
George
Clemenceau
Lloyd George
Vittorio
Orlando
Woodrow
Wilson
Italy
France
What country is missing that paid the second
highest price in terms of war dead?
Russia experienced a communist revolution.
http://youtube.com/watch?v=ShRA8HRMR4Q&feature=related
The Big Four (4)
Great Britain, Italy, France, & the United States
President Woodrow Wilson
(United States)
• Wilson arrived in Europe
with his 'Fourteen Points'.
These were his plans to
ensure future peace in
Europe.
• He believed Germany should
be treated fairly and allowed
to reestablish its economy.
• Wilson also proposed a
'League of Nations' that
would be set up to settle
future disputes between
countries.
YOU ARE A FOOL AND AN IDEALIST. YOU AMERICANS REALLY DID
NOT SUFFER DURING THE GREAT WAR. FURTHERMORE, GERMANY
NEEDS TO BE PUNISHED - SHE SHALL!!!! LASTLY, MUCH OF OUR
INDUSTRY WAS DESTROYED BY GERMANY – WE WILL GET OUR
POUND OF FLESH! GERMANY MUST FIRST TAKE FULL BLAME FOR
THE WAR!!!!!!!!!!
VERSAILLES TREATY:
TERRITORY:
ALSACE LORRAINE TO FRANCE
GEORGE
CLEMENCEAU
KEY POINT: UNLIKE WILSON,
WHO DID NOT SEEK REVENGE,
MILITARY:
FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN
SOUGHT REVENGE AGAINST
ECONOMIC:
GERMANY. THIS WOULD SET UP
WORLD WAR TWO
SAAR BASIN TO FRANCE
POLISH CORRIDOR SEPARATING GERMANY
AFRICAN AND ASIAN COLONIES TAKEN FROM
GERMANY
DEMILITARIZED RHINELAND
ARMY LIMITED TO 100,000
MANDATE SYSTEM IN MIDDLEEAST
REDUCED NAVAL FLEET
NO MILITARY AIRCRAFT
33 BILLION DOLLARS IN REPARATIONS
COAL - 45% TO FRANCE
IRON ORE RESERVES - TO FRANCE 65%
FACTORIES - 10% TO FRANCE
MERCHANT MARINE FLEET TO FRANCE
MUNITIONS PLANTS
SUPERVISED
George Clemenceau
(French Prime Minister)
• Clemenceau was
nicknamed "The Tiger".
He wanted to make
Germany pay for all the
damage that France
suffered during the years
of fighting.
• He wanted to punish
Germany so strongly that
they couldn't start a war
again.
David Lloyd-George
(British Prime Minister)
• Many in Britain (having
seen their husbands, sons
and friends killed in the
war) were eager for
revenge. A popular saying
was "Squeeze them until
the pips squeak".
• However Lloyd-George
himself was worried about
the dangers of treating
Germany too harshly.
Vittorio Orlando
(Italian Prime Minister)
• Italy had declared war on
Germany in 1915,
changing sides from her
alliance with Germany at
the beginning of the war.
Italy had been promised
territory as a reward for
changing sides.
• Orlando's main aim was to
get the extra land for Italy he wanted his 'fair share'
from the spoils of war.
Italy really wanted the Dalmatia Islands to
fully control Adriatic Sea trade.
Wilson’s 14 Points
No more secret treaties between nations
Freedom of the seas for all nations
Tariffs (taxes) on goods traded between
nations should be dramatically lowered or
abolished
Nations should drastically reduce their
supply of military arms
(equipment/weapons)
Colonial powers should cede more power
over to native peoples
League of Nations should be formed to
resolve conflict & prevent future wars
League of Nations
• The League of Nations was
formed in 1920 and operated
until 1946
• Why did it dissolve?
• Did anything eventually replace
it?
Reaction to Wilson’s 14 Points & the
Treaty of Versailles
• Britain, France & Italy rejected many of
these points
• They demanded that Germany pay $33
billion in reparations for destruction of
European land & accept war-guilt
• Wilson reluctantly agreed in order for his
League of Nations idea to be adopted
Reaction to Wilson’s 14 Points & the Treaty of
Versailles
• Unfortunately, for Wilson (a Democrat),
Congress rejected the treaty on grounds
that the League of Nations may drag us into
another war in Europe (U.S reverts back to
Isolationism)
• Rejected by Republican Congressmen who
resented Wilson’s presidency.
I DON’T GET IT! I LOST
IN EUROPE. AM I
GOING TO LOSE BACK
HOME TO????
SENATORS WHO
DO WISH TO
APPROVE THE
VERSAILLES
TREATY
England
Foreign
Nations
Japan
• Argued that the League of Henry Cabot
Nations could draw the
Lodge
United States into an
unnecessary war through a
provision calling for
members to enter into a
joint economic & military
alliance against
“aggression”. U.S.
Senators such as Lodge
feared this would take
away Congress’ right to
declare war on behalf of
the United States.
ARTICLE X OF THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS CHARTER
MUST KNOW
The Members of the League undertake to
respect and preserve as against external
aggression
the territorial
integrity
THE REPUBLICAN
ISOLATIONISTS
HATE THISand
LANGUAGE
WHICH independence
MIGHT DRAW THE U.S.
existing
political
of all
INTO ANOTHER EUROPEAN WAR
Members of the League. In case of any
such aggression or in case of any threat
or danger of such aggression the
Council shall advise upon the means by
which this obligation shall be fulfilled.
Treaty Fails To Pass In U.S.A.
• Separate treaty signed with Germany in
1921 after Wilson’s presidency was over.
More Treaty Provisions
New countries were established
out of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire (See Map Activity)
Ottoman Empire lands were put
under British & French authority
Alsace-Lorraine was given back to
France
TERRITORIAL CHANGES
591 Pageant, 636
“Alsace-Lorraine will be mine….. MINE!”
•
IN GERMANY, THE THE
HARSHNESS OF
VERSAILLES TREATY
WOULD NOT BE
FORGOTTEN BY SOME