Transcript Warpowerpoint

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Hundred Years War
1337-1453
Battle of Crecy
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Players: England, France
Reasons: Edward III of
England claims French
crown, Philip VI of France
is pissed
Key Battles: French attack
on English Gascony
(1337), Battle of Crecy
and Battle of Poitiers,
Siege of Orleans – Joan
of Arc captured by English
and burned at the stake.
Won the war for France
(1431)
Hundred Years War Cont.
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Impact: France gained power and feudal
institutions began to break down. Transition
from nobles equipped with armor and swords
to foot armies of peasants only armed with
crossbows.
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France after the war had less nobles due to the
casualties of the war. The result was a more
powerful monarchy.
Direct Sources:
http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/categorie
s/hundredyearswar.htm
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English Civil War
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Players: England (Cromwell and King James I)
Reasons: King ignored Parliament except
when he’s in need of money to support his
unnecessary wars. King James believed he
had the right to appoint a bishop without the
consent of anyone. This made parliament
angry.
Key Battles: Battle of Naseby (1645) – Lasted
3 hours and ended with a Parliament victory.
Royalist soldiers were captured and King
Charles was humiliated.
English Civil War Cont.
Impact – The beheading of
King Charles I and Cromwell
coming into power (only for
about 5 years). The Glorious
Revolution then occurred
when William of Orange
came and William and Mary
of Orange came into power
in England.
Direct Sources:
http://www.historyonthenet.c
om/Civil_War/civil_war_battle
s.htm
30 Years War
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Players: Major European Powers
Reasons: Religious division-Protestant union vs.
Catholic league
Political division- Hapsburgs wanted to regain
strength at the expense of Protestant princes,
protestant princes want centralization.
Catholic France was opposed to Holy Roman
Empire, even though it was Catholic
Demark and Sweden would support the
Protestants
30 Years War
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Phases:
Bohemian Phase- Defenestration of Prague
Fredrik V of the Protestant union vs. Ferdinand V of
the Catholic league-Catholic league wins
Danish Phase- Christian IV of Denmark vs. Catholic
Habsburgs. Danish fighting for Protestants.
Swedish Phase: Swedish people come in and help
the Protestants fight against the Catholic Habsburgs
French Phase: Catholic French fight and beat
Catholic Habsburgs. Catholic vs Catholic for one of
the first times
30 Years War
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Impact: Peace of Westphalia- hundreds of
diplomats meet in Westphalia-divides Holy Roman
Empire in 300 separate states, religion is to be
decided by ruler (Calvinism is ok), Pope is ignored
(emphasizes securitization of European politics
and diplomacy)
Dutch republic’s independence, Switzerland’s
neutrality accepted and France and Sweden get a
little extra land
Germany was devastated- economy terrible,
farmland is destroyed by war, population was hurt1/5 of Germans died
War of Spanish Succession
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Players: Spain, France and England
Reasons: The Spanish crown was supposed to go to
the grandson of Louis XIV
War: England, Austria and Germany- too much
power for Bourbons vs. France and Spain
Impact: 11 years war-Peace of Utrecht confirmed
Philip V (Louis XIV’s grandson) as the king of Spain
The throne of Spain and France were kept separateEngland got French territory in America and Gibralter
Spain became a mess, lost Netherlands and not a
European super power
Austrian Succession
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Players: (England, Russia Austria) (Prussia,
Spain France)
Reasons: Austria has no heir to the throne
except for Maria Theresa. She becomes ruler
of Austria and Frederick II sees her as weak
and Prussia invades and takes Silesia.
Maria Theresa convinces England that Prussia
is getting too strong, so England and Austria
become allies.
Austrian Succession Cont.
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France enters the war because they are
enemies with Austria and they see Austria as
vulnerable. They then invade Austria.
Impact: Prussia gains land in Silesia. The War
of Austrian Succession then leads to the 7
years war.
Fun Fact: The War of Austrian Succession was
also called the War of Jenkin’s Ear.
7 Years War
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Players: (France, Austria, Russia) (Britain and
Prussia)
Reasons: Frederick didn’t want his enemies
(France and Austria) to form a cohesive
military. Russia’s massive army then came
from the east and took Berlin from Frederick.
Key Battles: Battle of Minden(1759) – England
(allied with Germany) defeated the French
army in Minden, Northern Germany.
7 Years War Cont.
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Battle of Emsdorf (1760) - Fought between
England and France in Northern Germany with a
British victory.
Fun Fact: English troops won largely because they
completely surprised French troops as they sat
down to lunch.
Impact: Russia and Prussia gained friendship.
Britain destroyed France in the Americas, taking
French colonies in Canada and India. Britain is the
ultimate winner because they now control India.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Emsdorf
French Revolution
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Players: France
Reasons: French peasants fight for a new
constitution during the tennis court oath and
get one.
Peasants think king’s troops are coming to
Paris so they get angry and march to the
Bastille for gunpowder and take it over.
Key Battles: Storming of the Bastille - Starts
the Revolution.
French Revolution Cont
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March on Versailles - Caused by an increase in
unemployment and hunger. 7,000 women walked 12
miles and invaded the king’s palace, killing many
guards.
This kicks the king out of Versailles for good and
makes him live in a palace in Paris - not nearly as
luxurious as Versailles.
Impact: The execution of Robespierre, who killed many
people for no reason.
Leads to life under Napoleon, a great French ruler and
general.
Wars of Napoleon
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Players: France (Napoleon) vs everyone
Causes: Napoleon wanted to have complete
control of Europe, unite Europe under French
rule.
Invaded and conquered most of Europe
(Spain, Italy, parts of Germany, etc.) in early
1800’s
Instituted his Napoleonic Law wherever he had
control.
Wars of Napoleon (cont.)
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Downfall:
Peninsula War in Spain: fought against
Spanish fighters 300,000 French soldiers killed
Invaded Russia 1812. took 600,000 soldiers
and only 40,000 survived
Britain destroyed their navy and defeated them
at the Battle of Waterloo.
Wars of Napoleon (cont.)
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Impact: Congress of Vienna from 1814 to 1815
to determine the geopolitical face of Europe
after Napoleon was defeated.
Further reading:
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_napol
eonic.html
By Will Foster, Eric Bakar, Chris
Flygare, Toby Brachmann
Second Period