Transcript The Last Two Time Periods

BLUE AND ORANGE
1450-1750
1750 – 1914
What makes 1450 to
1750 Different?
• Economic
– Expansion to the New World creates a truly
global trade network.
– Silver trade has a massive impact on the world
market
– Coercive labor goes to a whole new level.
– Trade relationships begin to center around
Western Europe.
– Plantation Economies
What makes 1450-1750
Different?
• Political
–
–
–
–
–
–
Colonization of the Americas
Core – Dependent relationships
Militarization of trade
Gunpowder technology
The rise of Western Europe
China’s decision to withdraw
What makes 1450 – 1750
Different?
• Social
– Migration patterns
– Demographic changes in Africa and the
New World
Rise of Western Europe
•
•
•
•
State Building
Empire Building
Cultural Growth
Religious Change – Reformation(s)
Statebuilding
Ferdinand &
Isabella
Henry VIII
Empire Building
Empire Building
Reformations
Martin
Luther
St. Ignatius
of Loyola
Columbian Exchange
•
•
•
•
The plants
The animals
The GERMS
The people
Columbian Exchange
And more exchange
Spanish America vs.
North America
• Why do mother countries matter?
• Why does geography matter?
Indian Ocean Changes
• Militarization of a once peaceful
trade network
• Early European imperialism
Ming China
• Why didn’t China “discover” America?
• Neo-Confucianism at its best/worst
Gunpowder Empires
• Ottoman
• Safavid
• Mughal
Japan vs. Russia Act 1
Remember the
“Enlightened Despot?”
1750 – 1914
What makes it different???
• Economics:
– Western dominance of trade is clear and the
world becomes smaller with new technologies
and transportation.
– Industrialization creates huge separation
between the world’s powerful countries and
those that remain agricultural and “behind.”
This difference is highlighted by imperialism.
1750 – 1914
What makes it different?
• Political:
– Political revolutions – for independence or political
change
– The concept of the nation emerges.
– Absolutism is challenged, and the idea of democracy
spreads.
• Social:
– Industrialization impacts: gender patterns and the
growing middle class, but also increases the gap between
the rich and poor
– Labor systems change as slavery and serfdom become
less prevalent.
1750 – 1914
Industrialization
• Why did it begin in Britain?
–
–
–
–
Agricultural change and and Enclosures
New inventions
Natural resources and transportation
Economic and political stability
• Where did it spread?
• How did industrialization look in Russia and
Japan?
1750 – 1914
Industrialization – Impacts
• Created a gap between societies
• Increased need for natural resources
– was a reason for imperialism
– led to the dependence on cash crops among
non-industrialized regions
• Global transportation developed to support
the trade in manufactured goods and raw
materials
• Railroads
• New sea lanes – Suez and Panama Canals
• Environmental Impacts
• Land use and urbanization
1750 – 1914
Industrialization - Impacts
• Social Impacts
– Urbanization
– Gender “equality” ?????
– Social Classes
– Labor systems
– Immigration
• Political responses
– Reform
– Isms!
1750 – 1914
Political Change
• Sources of change:
– Enlightenment Ideas
– Those darn bourgeoisie
• Revolutions!
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–
–
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–
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American
French
Haitian
Latin America
(later) China
(and Russia is getting ready!)
1750 – 1914
Revolutions
• What makes the American and French
Revolutions different?
• What makes the Haitian Revolution
different?
• What are some of the reasons revolution
spread to Latin America?
• How did the conservative reaction to
revolution impact Europe? (Congress of
Vienna)
1750 – 1914
Revolution - Impacts
• What made the outcomes of the
independence movements in North
America so different from the
independence movements in South
America?
– Political
– Economic
1750 – 1914
Revolution - Limitations
• Women’s Rights
• Racial Equality?
• Social Equality?
1750 – 1914
Nationalism!
• What makes a nation different from
previous types of political entities?
• How did nationalism create changes?
– France
– Italy
– Germany
What’s going on in those old
empires?
• The Russian Empire
– Catherine the Great the “Enlightened Despot”
– Industrialization(?), Crimean War and Reform
– Marxism
• The “Sickly” Ottoman Empire
– Economic issues
– Janissaries
– Young Turks
• Austria-Hungary?
• The Qing
– From Kangxi to Opium – How did it happen?
1750 – 1914
Imperialism
• How did imperialism change over time in Africa?
– Slave trade
– “legitimate” trade
– The Scramble
• How did imperialism change over time in South
Asia?
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–
–
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The declining Mughal Empire
Company Rule (to 1857)
Direct Rule (to 1947)
Nationalism and the Indian National Congress
The Sun Never Sets
1750 – 1914
Imperialism
• Economic Imperialism in China
– Opium Wars and Unequal Treaties
– Response: Taiping and Boxer Rebellions
• Economic Imperialism in Latin America
• Japanese – Avoiding Imperialism
– The Meiji Restoration
• The U.S. joins the fun.
19th Century
Drug Lords
The New Japan
New Revolutions (Getting into
the Next Time Period)
• Mexico – Radical Start with a
Moderate Finish
• Russia – Radical – Moderate – Radical
• China – Moderate Start with a
Radical Finish
Pancho Villa
Alvaro Obregon
Sun Yat-sen
Mao Zedong
Vladimir Lenin
Alexander
Kerensky