Transcript The Colonies Come of Age

The Colonies Come
of Age
Chapter 3
Coach Bowling
Section 1
England and Its Colonies
3.1 Main Idea

England and its largely selfgoverning colonies prospered under
a mutually beneficial trade
relationship.
3.1 Objectives



Explain the economic relationship
between England and its American
colonies.
Describe how tensions arose
between England and the colonies
Summarize how salutary neglect of
the colonies after 1688 planted the
seeds of self-government
“13”


Were the colonies used by Britain?
Did the colonists feel they were
being used?
Mercantilism

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Colonists benefited from trade w/
Britain
Britain benefited more than colonies
Mercantilism – theory of selfsufficiency (all the gold & silver)
Cont.

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Britain used the colonies to impose
their will on the world
The British believed they could
overcome all nations w/ the colonies
The Navigation Acts
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1651 - Parliament passed a series of
laws restricting colonial trade
A result of some colonists exporting
goods to other nations
Britain feared this would hurt their
mercantilist society
Cont.
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Goods had to be shipped in British or
Colonial ships
Ships had to use English or Colonial
sailors
Colonies could export some goods
only to England
All traded goods had to pass through
English ports
Cont.
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The Acts benefited both the British
and the Colonists
Jobs for dockworkers, taxes on
imported goods, boom in
shipbuilding industry
Tobacco could not be grown in
England
Tension Begins
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Colonists resented the Acts
Some still smuggled and traded
illegally
1684 – King Charles II punished
merchants who broke the law
Crackdown in Massachusetts
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Puritans did not obey laws
Claimed charter stated they were
“self-governed”
King revoked their charter and
claimed it to be a royal colony
Dominion of New England
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King James II gained the throne in
1685
Placed Northeastern colonies under
rule of one person
Called colony the Dominion of New
England
Cont.


Sir Edmund Andros was selected as
leader
Andros levied taxes, outlawed public
assemblies, questioned Puritan
religion, and prosecuted violators of
Navigation Acts
Cont.
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Northern colonists were outraged
Sent Increase Mather to speak w/
the king
Before he did, Political picture in
England changed
The Glorious Revolution

Protestantism vs. Catholicism

James II was catholic

Had a son in 1688

British feared a royal dynasty tied to
Catholicism
Cont.
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Parliament invited William of Orange
and his army to England to restore
Protestantism
He was married to Mary; a daughter
of King James II
Cont.
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James II fled the country and
abdicated the throne
Parliament offered the throne to
William
Parliament also passed laws that
gave it power over the king
Colonies React
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Colonists arrested Andros

Re-Established the Northern Colonies
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King appointed a new governor
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Puritans lost domination of colony and
were forced to accept other religious views
Salutary Neglect
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England became concerned w/
France
Decreased funding spent on soldiers
in colonies
England loosened laws in return for
economic loyalty
Cont.

Colonists promised to continue to
buy English products
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Would only ship products to England
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This didn’t happen
Self-Government
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Each colony had a governor
Did not have as much power as they
thought
Colonial Assemblies paid the
governor’s salary
Cont.
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Led to corruption
Colonies began to split from one
another (North vs. South)
No one was breathing down their
neck (Britain)
Section 2
The Agricultural South
3.2 Main Idea

In the Southern colonies, a
predominantly agricultural society
developed.
3.2 Objectives

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Trace the development of a
plantation economy in the American
South
Explain the way of life in the
Southern colonies
Describe the slave trade and the role
of slavery in the plantation economy
Describe life for colonial slaves
Plantation Economy
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Jamestown was the beginning
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Tobacco set the standard
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Cash Crops enter the picture

Crops grown primarily for sale rather
than personal use
Cont.
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Rivers made shipping easy
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Crops were sent to the North & to England
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South was a rural society

Charleston (Charles Town) was essential
to the South’s success
Life in the South
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Immigration affected society

European settlers arrived
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Chesapeake Bay region boomed

Tobacco tripled in profit
The Role of Women
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Second-Class Citizens
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Could not vote or preach
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Were taught only the basics of school
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Planter’s wives did not work as hard
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Other women had to do daily tasks
Indentured Servants
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Mostly young, white men
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Left poverty & prison time in Europe
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Lives did not improve
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Southerners began to turn to slavery
Slavery in the South
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Slaves – people who were property
of others
Natives – escaped easily and refused
to learn
Indentured servants – often rebelled
and worked less efficiently
Cont.
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Dark skin was seen as inferior
Were thought to be able to endure
the Southern climate
Number of slaves rose from 13,000
to 200,000 from 1690 to 1750
The European Slave Trade

Africans were already slaves in the
West Indies

Worked Sugar plantations
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Outnumbered whites 3 to 1
Triangular Trade
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3-way trading process
New England, Africa, and West
Indies
Cont.
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Rum from New England to Africa
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Slaves from Africa to West Indies
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Molasses & Sugar to New England
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Other products were involved too
The Middle Passage
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Voyage of Africans to the West
Indies
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Middle leg of Triangular Trade
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Africans were branded
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Placed in the dark hulls of ships
Cont.
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Africans were beaten and whipped
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Diseases were common
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Lived in their own vomit, waste, and
among others who had died
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Suicide was common
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20% died on the journey
Slavery in the South
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80 – 90% worked in the fields of America
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Other 20% were domestic slaves
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Punishment was a way to make slaves
obedient
12 years of age was common for slavery
to start
Africans in the New World

Pottery, baskets, and instruments
were brought to the new world
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Slaves shared a sense of family
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Dance was popularized among slaves
Revolt & Rebellion
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Slaves resisted forced labor
Discipline was required in the eyes of
planters
Slaves often “stalled” work
Stono Rebellion
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1739 – 20 slaves gathered in SC and
formed a rebellion
Slaves slaughtered many planter
families and tried to get others to
revolt with them
Cont.
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They sought freedom in Florida
(Spanish Controlled)
A white militia put down the rebellion
Several deaths on both sides
occurred
Result
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Slave rebellions continued
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Slave laws became harsher
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Runaway slaves married into native
tribes
North vs. South
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South became more and more
dependant on slavery for their
agricultural society to succeed
North chose the path of commerce;
this did not require slavery to be
successful
Section 3
The Commercial North
3.3 Main Idea

The Northern colonies developed a
predominantly urban society, based
on commerce and trade.
3.3 Objectives
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Trace the development of a varied and
thriving economy in the North
Explain the diverse society of the North
and the tensions that led to the witchcraft
trials in Salem
Summarize the influence of the
Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
The Economy of the North
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Farms produced several crops
(Southern Plantations produced one)
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Raised wheat, corn, and livestock
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Sold food to the West Indies
Cont.
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Northern colonies produced iron
(steel)
Merchants were the most powerful
group in the Northern Colonies
Urban Life
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Trade caused port cities to grow
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Philadelphia, Boston, NYC, etc.
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Philadelphia was set up in “blocks”
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First of its kind in the new world
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Clean Water was hard to come by
Immigration to the North
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Many immigrants came to America in
search of religious freedom
This was the beginning of a
“melting-pot society”
Slavery in the North
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Wheat and corn did not require as
much labor as tobacco
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Slaves could use the court system
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Slaves led rebellions in the North too
Women in the North
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Few legal rights
Only single women could run their
own businesses
Wives must submit to husbands
Salem Witch Trials
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1692 – Salem women accused a
slave girl of witchcraft
This event led to others being
labeled witches
Event spread throughout colony
Cont.
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Most women accused were rich and
independent-thinkers
Governor’s wife was accused, eventually
came to an end
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Roughly 200 people were imprisoned
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Around 25 were killed
The Enlightenment
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Came from Europe
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World is governed by Mathematical laws
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Must experiment to find truth
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People now used reason to obtain
knowledge
Cont.
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Individuals have natural rights
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Governments must respect these
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Caused colonists to question English
monarchy
The Great Awakening
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Jonathan Edwards – preached that
church attendance was important,
but that alone was not enough
People needed to repent and
acknowledge their sins for salvation
Great Awakening – series of tent
revivals in which people
Cont.
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Denominations grew (Baptist, Etc.)
Desire for higher Education grew
ex. Princeton, Colombia, etc.
De-emphasized the church’s authority
Section 4
The French and Indian War
3.4 Main Idea

British Victory over the French in
North America enlarged the British
Empire but led to new conflicts with
the colonists.
3.4 Objectives
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Trace the development of the
French-British colonial rivalry
Summarize the French and Indian
War
Explain the War’s effects on the
relationship between Britain and its
colonies
Rivals
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France vs. Great Britain
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French had control of Ohio River Valley
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Colonists sided with Britain b/c they
considered themselves British
Colonists also wanted to expand westward
French Territory
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Samuel de Champlain founded
Quebec (modern-day Canada)
Robert Cavelier claimed entire
Mississippi River Valley for France
Named Louisiana in honor of Louis
XIV
Cont.
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By 1754, the population of New
France only reached 70,000
British colonies had population of
close to 1,000,000
Britain was outgrowing their territory
Cont.
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Colonies differed
French settlers wanted to trade, not
settle
The French were allies w/ natives
The War
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The French built Fort Duquesne in
what is now the city of Pittsburgh
Britain had already promised this
land to Settlers of their own
Virginia militia was sent to remove
the French
Cont.
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The militia was led by George
Washington
Built an outpost known as Fort
necessity
Washington was forced to surrender
after failed attack against French
Cont.
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Although unaware at the time, this
would mark the beginning of the
French and Indian War
The 4th war between the two nations
Early Battles
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After Washington resigned, he
headed back into battle under the
command of General Edward
Braddock
The mission was to remove the
French from the entire valley
Cont.
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There first attack point was Fort
Duquesne
On the way, they were ambushed by
French and native soldiers
British were not accustomed to
a-symmetrical warfare
Cont.
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British losses were high
Washington gained control of the
army after Braddock was killed
British were forced to flee
The Iroquois Enter
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King George II appointed William Pitt
to run the colonial government
He managed to win some battles
The Iroquois (natives) decided to
enter on the British side
Cont.
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The British attacked the French at
Quebec by surprise in 1759
Britain was victorious
Victory was key in them winning the
war
Cont.
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The Iroquois kept other natives
occupied w/ battles elsewhere
Natives could not attack British
forces by surprise
Iroquois also helped Britain navigate
unfamiliar territory
Cont.
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The War lasted until 1763
Treaty of Paris was signed which
gave Britain control of all land East
of the Mississippi River
Britain also gained control of Florida
Cont.
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Spain, a French ally, kept control of
some islands east of the river
Spain also took control of land
westward of the Mississippi
Natives were left out due to Britain
being unwilling to make treaties w/
them
The Native Response
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Natives realized quickly that the
British moving westward would have
a negative effect on them
Pontiac, an Ottawa leader, led a
revolt against the British
Cont.
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The natives captured 8 British forts
and burned 2 others
In response, the British gave Native
Chiefs smallpox-infected blankets as
a sign of peace
Cont.
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The blankets proved to be deadly
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The native population was decimated
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By 1765, natives had to negotiate w/
the British before they were
annihilated
Cont.
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British government issued the
Proclamation of 1763, which banned
all settlement west of the
Appalachian Mountains
British government was unable to
enforce this & colonists continued to
move westward
The Colonists and Britain Split
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Colonists felt Britain did not care
about them after Proclamation of
1763 was issued
The war also brought about a
financial crisis in Britain
Someone would have to pay for the
war
Massachusetts vs. Britain
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During the war, Britain cracked down
on smuggling in MA
Governor authorized Writs of
Assistance – un-warranted searches
& seizures
Merchants around Boston were
outraged
Problems Caused by the War
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10,000 British troops were stationed
in colonies to control the Natives and
the French
Colonists felt army might turn
against them
This move cost Britain more money
(they did not have)
Cont.
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To lower the debt, King George III
chose George Grenville to serve as
Prime Minister in 1763
He noticed smuggling of goods in
colonies
He is responsible for suggesting the
Sugar Act to Parliament
The Sugar Act

Cut the tax of foreign made molasses

Placed tariffs on certain products

Allowed smuggling trials to be heard
in British-led courts (punishment was
more harsh)
Result
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The colonists and the British did not
agree on the policy
This would prove to be the beginning
of an out-right rebellion in the
colonies
Rebellion = The American Revolution
Chapter 3 Essay Question
Explain the Economic Relationship
between England and its colonies and the
role it played in leading toward a
“Revolution”.
Be sure and include specifics such as, but
not limited to, Agriculture, The Great
Awakening, The Sugar Act, Mercantilism,
The French & Indian War, Navigation Acts,
The Glorious Revolution, and France