Transcript The Northern Renaissance as a whole

The Northern Renaissance
as a whole
The Courtier
1. According to Castiglione, what physical attributed befitted a courtier?
*Medium height, well proportioned, nimble, strong, light, and quick
2. Why did a courtier need to handle different kinds of weapons
skillfully?
* to be ready to fight in war, and to defend himself in a fight with
another gentleman
3. Why did Castiglione feel a courtier should engage in such activities as
hunting, swimming, and tennis?
* to be better prepared to fight in war, to demonstrate his skill and
distinguish himself, to become physically fit, and to fit in with nobles
at court.
The Prince
1. Take 5 minutes to share your cause and effect chart with the person
sitting next to you
2. Write a numbered list of tips for princes who want to gain fame and
public approval
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Set a good example
Do great deeds
Encourage excellence
Foster peace
Reward success
Respect citizens/ subjects
How was Northern Humanism
spread?
By the learning imported by
students returning to the
Netherlands from Italy
The French invasions of Italy
Occurred between 14951559
What happened during the French
invasions of Italy?
A general struggle for power and
territory among the Italian citystates and European monarchies
(France, England, Holy Roman
Empire, Scotland)
Included an increased number of
alliances, counter- alliance and
betrayal
How did these invasions start?
Ludovico (Il Moro) Sforza, of Milan, asked the French king, Charles
VIII to aid him when Milan was challenged by Italian city- state rivals
Naples, Florence and the Borgia Pope Alexander VI (who ruled the
papal states).
Charles VIII responded with an invasion of Florence and Naples.
When Piero de Medici attempted to appease Charles VIII, Girolamo
Savanorola helped agitate the Florentines, and they exiled Piero.
Louis XII, Charles’s successor, eventually invaded Milan in 1499
What is the conclusion of these
invasions?
Italy’s political power declines
The states of Italy, which had wielded power
disproportionate to their size during the Middle Ages and
the Renaissance, were reduced to second-rate powers or
destroyed entirely.
France fought too many wars in Italy and outspent itself
By the end of the wars in 1559, Habsburg Spain had been
established as the premier power of Europe, to the
detriment of France.
Witnesses to Italy’s political
decline
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
Niccolo Machiavelli
Important Northern Renaissance
Writers
Desiderious Erasmus (1466- 1536)
The most famous of northern Renaissance writers
Tried to unite the classical ideal of civic virtue with Christian
ideals
His works included opposition to church involvement in
government and satirized (ridiculed) religious superstition.
Produced a Greek edition of the New Testament (1516)
Also wrote, Praise of Folly in which he made fun of greedy
merchants, heart sick lovers, argumentative lovers and
pompous (arrogant) priests
Thomas More (1478- 1535)
English humanist
Good friends with Erasmus.
Best known for Utopia, a critique
of society that envisioned an
imaginary society based on
tolerance and communal
property.
Wrote in Latin
Women and the Northern
Renaissance
Most Europeans at this time could not read and write.
Those who could afford schooling sent their sons
Christine de Pizan
Spoke out against the practice of sending only boys to school
Very educated
Was one of the first women to earn a living by writing
Mostly wrote about men’s objection to teaching women
Ex: The Book of the City of Ladies
Printing Press
History of Writing:
•
2700 B.C. Egyptians write books on papyrus scrolls
•
1000 B.C. Chinese make books by writing on strips of
bamboo
•
A.D. 300 Romans write on sheets of parchment
(treated animal skin)
•
A.D. 800 Irish monks hand- write and hand- illustrate
The Book of Kells
Life Before the Printing Press
Kings and princes had encouraged schools and literacy
to help provide educated bureaucrats to staff the
offices of their kingdoms.
By the 15th century a new literate lay public had been
created thanks to the expansion of schools and
universities during the late Middle Ages.
Demand for cheap books and expansion of lay
education led to the creation of the Gutenberg
Printing Press.
Printing Press
Gutenberg Printing Press
Johan Gutenberg invents the printing press in the
German city of Mainz, the center of printing for the
whole of Western Europe.
Printing had existed, but this was the first time
movable components were incorporated.
Popular books in the early decades of print were books
of
Religion
Calendars
How to books
Printing Press cont.
About 1455 Gutenberg prints the first complete book on a printing
press it is known as the Gutenberg Bible.
By 1500 printing presses operated in at least 60 German cities and
in more than 200 cities throughout Europe.
The printing press was a boon (advantage) to the careers of
humanists, who now gained international audiences.
Effects of the invention
Standardized texts enabled a print revolution which
made anyone who could read an instant authority
Rulers and the church were now dealing with a less
naïve, (innocent) audiences.
Print became a powerful tool for political and religious
propaganda
Kings could now instruct people more easily
Clergymen were now able to mass produce both
indulgences and pamphlets.
Elizabethan Age
Renaissance reaches England in the mid 1500s
It is known as the “Elizabethan Age” after Queen Elizabeth I who
reigned from 1558- 1603
Among the most famous English writers was William
Shakespeare, many regard him as the greatest playwright of all
time
Revered the classics and drew on them for inspiration and plots
Works display a masterful command of the English language and
deep understanding of human beings
Many of his plays examine human flaws