Transcript USHC – 6: T.S.W.D. an understanding of foreign

Monday
Imperialism
• Policy where stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military control over
weaker territories.
• Examples:
– Great Britain  13 Colonies; India; Australia
– United States  Manifest Destiny
American Imperialism
1. Desire for military strength
2. Thirst for new markets
3. Belief in cultural superiority
Desire for Military Strength
• Build up the Navy
– 9 Steel-hulled cruisers
– U.S.S. Maine and U.S.S. Oregon
Thirst for New Markets
• Overproduction:
– Needed new raw materials
– Created jobs
– Needed more people to sell goods to
Belief in Cultural Superiority
• Social Darwinism:
– Christianity
– “Civilization”
– “Inferior Peoples”
– “White man’s burden”
Alaska!
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1867
William Seward
U.S. paid Russia $7.2 mil.
2 cents per acre
“Seward’s folly”
Timber
Minerals
Oil
1959 – 49th state
Hawaii!
• Trade route
• Queen Liliuokalani  power
to Hawaiians
• White plantation owners 
revolted
– Wanted power
• Sanford B. Dole  headed
new government
– Supported by U.S. Marines
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1898 – Territory
Pearl Harbor
Sugar
1959 – 50th state
Tuesday
The Spanish-American War
• Issues with Spain:
– Human Rights
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Slavery
Concentration Camps
300,000 people
Hunger and Disease
– Called the U.S. “weak”
Why Cuba?
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90 miles from Florida
Sugar plantations
Under Spanish rule
Cuba Libre! “Free Cuba”
Yellow
Journalism
• Sensational style of
writing
• Exaggerates the news to
lure and enrage readers
• Newspapers and
Journalists want to sell
more papers
– Joseph Pulitzer
• New York World
– William Randolph Hearst
• New York Journal
Use of Yellow Journalism with Cuba
• Poisoned wells
• Children being thrown
to sharks
• Starvation
Act of War?
• U.S.S. Maine 
Stationed in Havana
Harbor
– Bring home American
citizens
– Protect American
property
• Feb. 15, 1898  Blew
up in the harbor
– 260 killed
• What happened?!?!?!
“Remember the Maine”
• April 20, 1898
– U.S. declared war on
Spain
War in the Philippines
• April 30, 1898
• George Dewey
• Destroyed the Spanish
Naval Fleet
War in the Caribbean
• Naval Blockade of Cuba
– Spanish Navy was
trapped
– Kept out needed
supplies
• Cuba
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June 1898
17,000 men
Rough Riders
Buffalo Soldiers
Rough Riders
• Theodore Roosevelt
• Calvary (horses)
July 1, 1898
• San Juan Hill
• Led to:
– Destruction of the
Spanish Naval Fleet
– Invasion of Puerto Rico
Armistice
• Truce
• Cease Fire
• Aug. 12, 1898
Treaty of Paris
Dec. 10, 1898
• Spain freed Cuba
• U.S. annexed:
– Guam
– Puerto Rico
• U.S. bought the Philippines
– $20 mil.
Treaty Debate
• Should the U.S. be allowed to annex the
Philippines?
• Self-Government?
• Domestic v. Foreign Affairs?
• Jobs?
Wednesday
Pres. Roosevelt
Russian and Japanese
Relations
• Won the 1906 Nobel
Peace Prize
– Negotiated a peace
between Russia and Japan
• Open Door Notes – U.S.,
Japan, Russia, and other
imperialist nations
agreed to mutual
economic/trade interest
in China.
Pres. Roosevelt
Panama Canal
• Shortcut from Atlantic to
Pacific
• Through Colombian
controlled Panama
– Colombia refused
• U.S. supported Panama in
it’s independence
• U.S. bought route for $10
mil. w/ $250,000 annual
rent for “Canal Zone”
Pres. Roosevelt
“Big Stick Diplomacy”
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• Roosevelt Corollary – the
U.S. would use force to
protect its economic
interests in Latin America
Pres. Taft
“Dollar Diplomacy”
• American businessmen
loaned money to Latin
countries
• Guaranteed by the U.S.
government
• Justified keeping
European powers out of
the Caribbean
Pres. Wilson
“Missionary Diplomacy”
• U.S. moral responsibility
• Denied recognition of
any Latin American
government it viewed
as:
– Oppressive
– Undemocratic
– Hostile to U.S. interests
Pres. Wilson
Civil War in Mexico
• Peasants v. Landowners
• Pancho Villa (Anti-U.S.
revolutionary)
– Killed 19 people in New
Mexico
• Wilson sent 15,000
troops
• Distracted by start of
WWI
Thursday
World War I
M.A.N.I.A.
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Assassination
Militarism
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Aggressive building of an army
Prepare for war
Extensive planning
Conscription- forced to serve in the military
Mobilization- getting troops ready for war
All made war more likely
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE THIS!!!!!
After 1900
• Huge increase in size of European armies
– Russia- 1.3 million
– France- 900,000
– Germany- 900,000
– 250,000-500,000
• Great Britain
• Italy
• Austrian-Hungary
Alliances
• Agreements between two countries
• Increased security (“I’ve got your back!”)
1914:
• Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, &
Italy
• Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain
• Led to “world” war
Nationalism
• Acting in country’s best interest
• Extreme pride in one’s country
• Self-Determination
Imperialism
• Desire to gain more land (power!!)
• European nations wanted Africa and China
• Created rivalries
Assassination
• Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (AustroHungarian)
• Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt
planned assassination
Timeline
• June 28, 1914: Assassination
• July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia
• August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on
Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally)
• August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on
France (bc France is a Russian ally)
Label the following on MAP 1:
• World War I Alliances
• Use next slide!
• Be sure to label Belgium (neutral)
Germany’s Plan
• Schlieffen Plan
– 2 front war
3 Steps:
1. 1st German army would hold Russian border
2. 2nd German army would rush to France through
Belgium to defeat Paris
3. After France had fallen, the 2 German armies
would work together to defeat Russia
• Violated Belgium’s neutrality
• FAILED!!!!!!!!!
Label the following on MAP 2:
• Schlieffen Plan
• Use next 2 slides
Monday
New Alliances
• Triple Entente (Russia, France, & Great Britain)
 Allied Powers (Russia, France, GB, Italy, & later US)
– Italy changed sides! (flip-flopper)
• Triple Alliance (AH, Germany, & Italy)
 Central Powers (AH, Germany, & Ottoman Empire)
Label the following on MAP 3:
• Allied Powers
• Central Powers
• Use next 2 slides
Western Front
• Trench Warfare
– Fighting from ditches
– Terrible conditions
• Stalemate
– No advancement
• War of Attrition
– Wearing the other side down
– Heavy attacks
– Huge loss of life
Meanwhile, back in the USA…
(You do not have to write this!!!)
1912
• Woodrow Wilson elected president
1914
• Panama Canal was completed in August
– 1 week before WWI started
• Americans were shocked by the outbreak of
war but...it was in Europe
– U.S. was officially NEUTRAL!!!!!!!!!!!!
– Europe’s problem
America Neutral?
1. Isolationism
– Not our problem
– Booming economy
– Trading with both sides
2. Ties to homelands
– Immigrants supported their native countries
Propaganda in the U.S.
• Used by both sides before U.S. entry
• Used by U.S. to support war efforts
Moving Towards War
German U-boats: Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• Lusitania
– British Passenger ship
– Killed 1,200 (128 Americans)
– U.S. commands Germany to stop
• Sussex
– French ship
– Sussex Pledge: Germany wouldn’t sink merchant ships
without warning
• Kept America out of the war
Moving Towards War
1916
• Wilson’s re-elected
• “He kept us out of the War”
January 1917
• Zimmerman Telegram
– Germany to Mexico
– Intercepted by British
– Encouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S.
February 1917
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
– 6 U.S. ships sank by Germany
U.S. Involvement
• Allied Powers – France, GB, Italy, U.S.
– Russia dropped out bc of revolution
• Selective Service Act – Draft
• American Expeditiary Force (AEF)
– “doughboys”
• 369th Infantry Regiment
– “Harlem Hellfighters”
Armistice
• 11th hour of the
• 11th day of the
• 11th month
(11am November 11, 1918.)
Tuesday
Paris Peace Conference
• Big Four (U.S., G.B., France, Italy)
• Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) wasn’t invited
• Pres. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
– Free Trade
– Disarmament
– Open Diplomacy instead of Secret Alliances
– Self-Determination
– League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919
B.R.A.T.
• Blame
• Reparations
• Army
• Territory
Blame
• War Guilt Clause
• Germany was responsible for starting the war
Reparations
• Allied Powers wanted payment
– $$$$
Army
• Demilitarization
– Stripped of all weapons
Territory
• Returned land to France
• Buffer (neutral) zone between France and Germany
Senate Says No
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Wouldn’t ratify (approve) Treaty
Isolationism
Lead to alliances
Didn’t agree terms
Didn’t join the League of Nations
Test Wednesday