Transcript italy-germany - John Bowne High School

Why were the goals of the Congress
of Vienna significant?
• Do Now: Read the Congress of Vienna
Answer Questions 1-4
See next slide for Vocabulary
HW #2= Read pgs. 574-580
Answer Questions: 1, 3, 4 on pg. 576
1, 3, 4 on pg. 580
Vocabulary:
shambles-ruin, chaos
alliance-a formal agreement or treaty between two or
more nations to cooperate for specific purposes.
reactionary-a person who wants to return to the good
old days
legitimacy-according to law; lawful, and established
rules
compensation-something given or received as an
equivalent for services, debt, loss, injury, suffering,
lack, etc.
As we go through the Power Point
please fill in your graphic organizer
• As you interact with the presentation:
– You are looking for the following:
Members
Goals
Actions Taken
Legacy= Short Term & Long Term
GOALS #1: After the fall of Napoleon, the Congress of
Vienna established a balance of power in Europe.
Members: Great Britain, France, Russia and Austria
in 1815.
GOALS #2: The Congress of
Vienna wanted to go back to
the status quo ante of 1789. It
put the old “legitimate” ruling
families back in charge of
France, Spain, Naples and
Sicily.
Members
• The conservative Prince Metternich of
Austria wanted to stop the spread of
Revolution and Nationalism in Europe.
• Remember:
• “When France sneezes, Europe catches a
cold!”
What do you think
Actions Taken: The
Metternich thought
Congress of Vienna
of Louis XVIII?
put the “legitimate”
Bourbon King, Louis
XVIII, in charge of
France.
*************************
(Given the recent
history of the French
Revolution, he tried to
please the French
people by quickly
issuing a constitution
with separation of
powers and an
elected Parliament.)
A wave of Nationalist Revolutions spread over Europe…
What did the
people
want?
What do you
think the
Congress of
Vienna did
about it?
In 1830, the French nation
revolted, demanding a
“Citizen King” named
Louis Philippe.
By 1848, as the radicals
grew stronger, the people
overthrew even him and
declared the Second
French Republic.
All adult men, rich or poor,
were granted suffrage –
the right to vote.
France was sneezing
again…
What do you think
Metternich thought
about this?
What do you think
happened next?
The French people
used their universal
male suffrage to elect
Napoleon’s nephew
president of the
Second French
Republic.
The people
elected him
with over
90% of the
vote!
Just like his uncle,
Napoleon III greatly
expanded his power,
turning the Republic
into the Second French
Empire.
Why?
Prince Metternich
had to flee the
Austrian Empire
in disguise, as
the Hungarians,
Czechs and
Venetians all
cried out for
independence
and universal
suffrage.
SHORT TERM: But in almost every case, the
countries of the Congress of Vienna worked
together to maintain the balance of power and defeat
the Revolutions of 1848.
LONG TERM #1: But the nationalism and revolutionary
ideas of France were impossible to contain…
LONG TERM #2: But
twenty years later,
German and Italian
nationalism would
completely upset the
balance of power
established at the
Congress of Vienna.
Students Debriefing Activity
• Students will answer the True/False
Questions on the Congress of Vienna
• If it is False you MUST CORRECT IT!
Final Summary
Answer the Aim
Aim: How was Otto Van Bismarck
able to unify Germany?
• Please copy the following vocabulary words into
your notebooks
• Zollverein- German Customs Union, was a coalition of German
states formed to manage customs and economic policies within their
territories.
• Otto Van Bismarck- Prime Minister of Germany
• Unification- to make or become a single unit
• Nationalist- a person devoted to nationalism.
Cartoon: See, Notice, and Think
• What do you SEE in the cartoon? (LIST)
• What do you NOTICE about the cartoon?
• What you THINK about the cartoon?
Events in German Unification
1. Common History and traditions among the
German People
2. Zollverein
3. Growth of Prussia under Bismarck
4. Danish War 1864
5. Austro-Prussian War 1866
6. North German Confederation 1867
7. Franco Prussian War 1870-1871
8. German Empire 1871-1918
As we go through the slides
• Write down 3 new things you learned about
German unification
The biggest German country was Prussia.
The Congress of Vienna left the German parts of Europe
divided into many tiny countries, surrounded by France,
the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire.
The Prussian King
was Wilhem I, an
ultraconservative
who believed in the
Divine Right of
Kings.
King Wilhelm I’s
prime minister was a
good friend of his, a
conservative noble
named Otto Von
Bismarck.
Wilhelm I
Bismarck
What do you think Prince
Metternich would have thought
about Wilhelm I and Bismarck?
Prussia was famous
for its powerful
military.
Voltaire once said:
“Prussia is not a
country with an army,
but an army with a
country!”
Bismarck wanted to
use this army to unite
the German people
under Prussian
leadership.
What do you think
Prince Metternich of
Austria thought about all
of this nationalism?
What about Russia,
France, or Great
Britain?
In 1866, Bismarck
defeated Austria in the
Austro-Prussian War.
This united the countries
of northern Germany
under Prussian rule.
In 1871, Bismarck crushed
France in the FrancoPrussian War, marching
all the way to Paris.
He gained some French
territory, and united the
countries of southern
Germany.
From Louis XIV’s old Palace of Versailles,
King Wilhelm I was crowned Emperor of Germany.
Otto Von Bismarck had created a new German Empire.
Otto Von Bismarck united the Germans,
Student Activity
• Think Pair Share
• In pairs, complete reading and questions on
German Unification
Final Summary-Answer the Aim
• QUIZ THURSDAY on: Nationalism, Latin
American Revolutions, Congress of Vienna,
Unification of Germany and Italy
AIM: How did individual leaders
help create a unified Italian
nation?
• Do Now: What do you feel is more
powerful; the brain (the mind), the soul (the
spirit) or the sword (physical strength)?
Why?
(SAT WORD of the day:
convergence=coming together)
Imagine just for a second…
• That we were the:“ Individual States of America”
*Each state had its own currency
*Each state had its own leader or
President.
*Each state had its own army.
*English was the most common language and
Americans made up a majority of the
population in each state.
What issues and challenges would occur under such a scenario? What
changes would occur in American life?
Vocabulary
• Unification- to make or become a single unit
• Nationalist- a person devoted to nationalism.
• Nationalism- pride or love for one’s nation.
• Papal States- area around Rome which was
controlled by the Pope
The Congress of
Vienna had left the
Italian peninsula
divided into many
countries.
Austria ruled in the
north, Hapsburg
Monarchs ruled in the
center, and Bourbon
Kings ruled in Naples
and Sicily.
The Pope even had
his own country in the
area around Rome.
As we read for the main idea…
• Use your graphic organizer to identify
whether the statements made about
MAZZINI, CAVOUR and GARIBALDI
are either TRUE or FALSE.
• If it is FALSE, please correct the statement
to make it true.
Giuseppe Garibaldi of
Garibaldi
Bismarck
Sardinia was working to
unite the Italians.
Garibaldi was born in
Nice, an Italian-speaking
city conquered by
Napoleon and later
returned to Sardinia after
the Congress of Vienna.
In the 1830s he met
Giuseppi Mazzini, who
led an Italian nationalist
group called Young Italy.
Garibaldi’s men
became known as the
Red Shirts, because
they wore shirts from
the slaughterhouses of
Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
He participated in the 1848 revolutions against the French
Empire.
Garibaldi now realized he
would need the support
of the Sardinian
monarchy, teaming up
with King Victor
Emmanuel II and Prime
Minister Camillo Cavour
to fight the Austrians who
controlled northern Italy.
With the
Sardinian army,
Garibaldi swept
through the Italian
peninsula all the
way to south to
Naples and Sicily.
This unification
was called the
Risorgimiento Resurgence
MAZZINI
Was an Italian Nationalist. (True / False)
Leader of a group called Elderly Italy. (True/False)
CAVOUR
Was Prime Minister under Queen Victoria
Emmannuel II. (True/False)
Teamed up with Garibaldi to fight the Austrians
who controlled northern Italy. (T/F)
GARIBALDI
Was from Sardinia. (True/False)
Main goal was to separate Italians. (T/F)
His men became known as the Rainbow Shirts.
(T/F)
DIRECTIONS: Read the following
account of the unification of Italy
and using the map on the back
answer the questions that follow.
Use complete sentences.
• Groups will answer #1-10 on their handout.
• Everyone will take notes and answer the
questions but hand ONE collective answer
sheet for your group.
Pivotal Questions
• What are some advantages to unification?
• Why was Nationalism growing in Europe at
this time?
• Why would nationalists like Cavour,
Garibaldi and Mazzini want the Italian citystates to be ONE?
Question
Which played the most important
role in the unification of Italy; the
brain, the sword or the soul?
Why?
Final Summary
• Answer the Aim on your index card:
How did individual leaders help create a
unified Italian nation?