Transcript Drives for Empires WWII

10.8 Students analyze the causes
and consequences of
World War II.
1. Compare the German, Italian,
and Japanese drives for empire
in the 1930s, including the 1937
Rape of Nanking, other atrocities
in China, and the Stalin-Hitler
Pact of 1939.
What Forces Were Behind the
Drive for Empires
MILITARISM
• Hitler rebuilding Germany’s
Military and using it to conquer.
• Japanese militarists controlled
the govt. and the emperor.
• Mussolini’s fascist govt. strove
to rebuild the glory of the
Roman Empire
What Forces Were Behind the
Drive for Empires
IMPERIALISM
• Hitler wanted the Sudetenland,
the Rhineland, to rejoin with
Austria.(Europe, and Russia.)
• Italy wanted the Roman Empire.
• Japan wanted an empire to rival
the West/relieve the Depression.
Forces Behind the Drive for Empires
NATIONALISM
• Hitler believed that the Aryan
race was superior.
• Japanese believed that they
were superior in Asia.
• Mussolini told his people they
were part of the state, and they
had glory like the Roman
Empire.
What Forces Were Behind the
Drive for Empires
ALLIANCES
• Hitler formed alliances with the
Soviet Union and Japan.
• Japan formed alliances with
Germany and Italy.
• Italy formed alliances with Japan
and Germany.
German Imperial Expansion
• Once Hitler took control of the
Reichstag and began the Third
Reich, he set his sights on
conquering Europe.
• Nationalism in Europe and Japan
fueled extreme racism, fascism, and
domination.
• National pride became almost
synonymous with national expansion
and conquest of other peoples.
German Imperial Expansion
• 1935 Hitler took back the
Rhineland, a region west of the
Rhine River that had been taken
away from Germany after WWI.
• 1937 Hitler formed an alliance
with Japan.
German Imperial Expansion
• 1938 Hitler annexed Austria.
Austria held a vote under threat of
German invasion and
unanimously agreed to the union.
German Imperial Expansion
• Hitler moved to reclaim the
Sudetenland (the northern half of
Czech) from Czechoslovakia.
• Munich Agreement: France and
Britain gave Hitler Sudetenland in
exchange for no more expansion.
(who signed it?)
German Imperial Expansion
• 1939 Hitler invaded the rest of
Czechoslovakia.
• German protectorates of
Slovakia and BohemiaMoravia are set up.
German Imperial Expansion
• 1939 the Nazi-Soviet Pact
was signed. (who signed it?)
• Stalin agreed not to interfere
in Germany’s military affairs if
Germany agreed not to invade
the Soviet Union.
German Imperial Expansion
•Germany gains half of Poland
and Lithuania. Soviets gain the
other half of Poland, Finland,
and the Baltic states. Germany
would break the agreement
and invade the Soviet Union,
advancing as far as Stalingrad.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• Nationalism in Europe and Japan
fueled extreme racism, fascism,
and domination.
• National pride became almost
synonymous with national
expansion and conquest of other
peoples.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• 1937 Hitler formed an alliance
with Japan.
• By 1905 Japan had defeated
Russia and China for territories in
and around Korea.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• 1915 Japan sends China a list of
21 demands that would give them
power over aspects of China’s
trade, government, and economy.
• The Rape of Nanjing saw as
many as 200,000 Chinese
slaughtered in a matter of weeks.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• Called the other holocaust,
Nanjing is characterized by mass
executions, rapes, prostitution,
torture, and more.
• 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria in
an attempt to build an empire and
bring them out of the depression.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• 1937 Japan invaded China,
pillaging towns and cities as they
made their way down the eastern
shore.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• By 1945 Japan captured and held
the following territories:
• See Next Slide
Manchuria
Wake Island
Korea
Jehol
Burma
French Indo-China
Caroline Islands
Marshall Islands
Mariana Islands
Philippines
Thailand
Hong Kong
Dutch East Indies Malaya
And many more territories in the South
Pacific and on the east coast of China.
Japanese Imperial Expansion
• Japan built its empire under the
banner, “Asia for Asians.”
• Japan created the Greater East
Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere to rid
Asia of Western colonial rule, so
they said. They really wanted an
empire.
• The fact was that Japan saw
Japanese people as superior.
Italian Empire
Italian Imperial Expansion
• Around the turn of the century the
kingdom of Italy had taken Libya
and Somalia in Africa.
• 1935-36 Italy invades and
captures Ethiopia. They wanted
revenge for the Ethiopian BUTT
KICKIN’ on Italy in 1896.
Italian Imperial Expansion
• 1939 Italy invaded Albania
• Mussolini portrayed himself as
the new Julius Caesar, and then
the new Augustus.
Italian Imperial Expansion
• Mussolini's only real success at
Empire building was his
annexation of Ethiopia in 1936
and Albania in 1939.
Italian Imperial Expansion
• In WWI, Italian forces were at first
humbled by the Greek army.
• The Italians were only able to
annex or occupy European
territories with German assistance.
• Just one year later Italy was
invaded by the British and
Americans, and Mussolini was
overthrown.
Roman Empire
French
Empire
British Empire