Transcript Sample Slides - History Interactive

GCSE MODERN WORLD HISTORY
NORTHERN IRELAND
INTERACTIVE
THE TROUBLES
1969-1993
Why has peace been so difficult to
achieve in Northern Ireland?
Nationalists
The Easter
Rising
1916Rising Photo 213
The
Easter
and Unionists
The Easter
Rising 1916

 The
About
rebels
1000
failed
rebels
to had different
The
Four
Courts
building
The(now
fighting
lastedshelled
fiveof
Men
surveying
the
wreckage
Sackville
O'Connell)
Street,
Home
Rule
would
have
given
the
Irish
their
own
from
take the
control
Irish and
Volunteers
were views about
days
and
caused
byDublin,
the
British
gunboat
during
Linenhall
Barracks
inmore
the the
after
the
1916
Easter
Consequences
of make
the
Easter
Rising
Home
Rule.
parliament
that could
laws
related
to and
proclaim
forced
an
to Irish
surrender.
Republic.
thanEaster
400
Rising.
aftermath
of
thedeaths
Easter
Rising in
Rising.
It was an
domestic
(Irish) issues. However, major
decisions
2,500
injuries.
Dublin.
Delay
in Home
opportunist
Rulewould
leads to
about
the economy
foreign
still was
70 rebels
were
16 and
leaders
of the affairs
rebellion
led
Martial
Law
further anger
sentenced
to death
rebellion
were government
What
be by
made
in London.
The
Liberal
had
a small
imposed
on Ireland.
amongst
by the British
forces.
executed.
caused
group
of on
Irish
hold
The British
armythe
poured
put this
until
after
the end of
the First
Nationalists.
Volunteers.
Easter
 Led
by Patrick had
Pearse and
into
Dublin.
They
used
World War. Although
the
Irish
Nationalists
Rising
James
Connoly, they seized
gunboats
to
fire
on
the
rebels
turned Internment
towards a peaceful
campaign
to gain
1916?
Dublin's
General
Post Office
from the river Liffey.
The
executions
led
to
(Imprisonment
Home
Rule, there were aarise
small
number
of
on
Easter for
Monday.
in
support
without trial) of
Volunteer
strongpoints
Sinnpeople
Republicans
who were prepared
toFein.
use violence
Nationalists
Some
in
leading
Nationalists.
saw the war
Ulsterfor
started
to achieve
full as
independence
Ireland.
British strongpoints
an opportunity
to arm
to rebel.
themselves.
Placements
of rebel forces and
British troops
around Dublin during the Easter
Rising, 1916.
GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968-1993
7
Were Catholics being discriminated against?
Examining the Evidence : Employment
Employment in Engineering
Firms
Employment
Employment
The Northern
Irelandview
economy
had
major
Many of its
A Protestant
Aweaknesses.
Catholic view
Protestants
Catholics
In
the
County
of
In Derry,
in 1966,
Between
1927-69,
industries,
particularly
shipbuilding
and
textiles
were
old
and a
Fermanagh,
only
32
‘Many
of
you
employ
‘All
of
my
life
I
have
been
Fair
Employment
Agency
Report
into
Belfast
the council had 177
95% of senior posts
out
of
370
council
expensive
to
run.
In
the
1960s,
Belfast’s
biggest
employer,
Engineering
firms.
employees:
145
in
the
Civil
Service
Catholics
but
I
have
not
one
Nationalist.
I
grew
up
in a
0%
posts
were
held
by
5%
Harland
and
Wolfe
began
to
close
down
its
shipyards.
Between
Protestants and 32
were held by
15%
18%
20%
Catholics
but
none
in
about
the
house.
The
situation
of
such
poverty
1960
and 1965, unemployment rose to 6% across
Northernand
Catholics.
Protestants.
senior positions.
Catholic
population
are
unemployment
that the
lifeto
Ireland and in Catholic areas of West
Belfast and Derry
it rose
18%. Even
both sides
wereof
affected
by unemployment,
disloyal
andthough
disruptive.
If we
our people
was no lifethe
at
100%
A
Fair
Employment
95%
Catholics
claimed
there
was
discrimination
in
employment
because
allow
Catholics
to
work
on
all.
I
will
want
something
The new
85%University 80% Commission
82%
was set Catholics
the
Unionists
kept
control
of
the
economy
and
society.
of
Ulster
was
built
in
our farms we are traitors to better
than tothis
for my
up in 1976
check
a
Protestant
area
in
were employed in the lower end of the job
market
and in unskilled
up
on
any
Ulster. '
children.'
and lower-paidColeraine.
jobs. Protestants werediscrimination.
employed in the relatively
Basil Brooke,
Agriculture
A and
Nationalist,
Irish
higher-paid
areas
of
shipbuilding
engineering.
A photograph of Ford
knocking offHarland
time at and
Ewart's
Linen Factory,
Crumlin Road,Mackies
Sirocco
Shorts
July 1933
Nationalism,
& Wolff,
Belfast 1911. 1988
The ship
Belfast. Minister,
Textiles manufacturing
was oneHarland
of
Northern Ireland’s major industries.
Wolfe
in the
background is the Titanic.
GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968-1993
17
In July 1970,
thedid
BritishInternment
What
involve?
3,000
Catholic homes were
army imposed a curfew on
searched for weapons and
It
led
to
even
the
Lower
Falls
area
of
Problems
for the
British
3000 troops moved into
PIRA
members.
3
civilians
Belfast.
20,000
people more violence
Catholic
areas
and arrest
were shot.
and destruction. Government
confined to their homes.INTERNMENT
452 people.
Internment failed spectacularly.
Operation Demitrious
The intelligence was hopelessly
Events
that
led
to
Internment
The British
Nationalists
They were
detained
at July 1971, the
In
British
outdated.
Not one ofsaw
the 452
army’s
response
Internment
as
Crumlin Rd
prisonGovernment
imposedmen
internment
seemed
toand
be the
arrested
was
a
leading
A bombing
campaign
was
one-sided.
IRA
prison
ship
the Maidstone.
hardening.
They
member
ofmembership
theout
Provisional
In February
1971,
the first
carried
by the IRA.
of
suspected
terrorists
without
are soldier
seen aswas
the shot. Why did The first
British
Provisional
IRA.
It not
Loyalists
were
increased.
trial.
The
aim
was
that
if
terrorist
Prisoners ‘bad
were guys’.
subjected Internment
escalated.
interned until
February 1973.
suspects fromfail?
both sides were
to hours of interrogation
Others arrested included
and abuse.
removed from theirprominent
communities,
members of the Civil
then
thetoviolence
would
be
Rights
Association.
In one instance
Britain
taken
Civil
rights
In all, over 1900 people
Before Internment, 92
reduced.
In
practice,
most
in
Armagh,
thedied
Britishin army
court
and
found
marches
were
In March
1971,
3107
soldiers
peopleof
had
the
were
interned,
onlyguilty
of
organised
inParts
sought
to arrest
a man
those
interned
were
Catholic.
were
lured
from
a
pub
and
Troubles.
of who
the had
were Loyalists.
‘inhuman and
protest
atfor
thewere
executed.
province
out 4ofyears.
been
dead
theatpast
The HMS
Maidstone,
a
prison
ship
docked
degrading
introductioncontrol.
of
treatment’.
Internment.
Belfast
where many internees
were sent.
30
GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968-1993
 The
troubled
Obstacles to peace
in Northern Ireland
Since 1969, attempts tohistory
bring peace to Northern Ireland
have
failed.
Many
problems needed to be overcome if
 British
army
units


The
two
religions

The
Catholic
Civil
Divided

Protestants
regard
peace
was to Northern
be achieved. Many problems
remained
by
were
sent
Inequalities/
andand
communities
rarely
Rights Association
communities
themselves
as
British, were
1993.
Loyalist
Republican
terrorists
fighting a
discrimination
Ireland to help keep
got
to meet
and
know
protested
against
the
Catholics
saw and
war
against
each
other
and
Unionist
and Nationalist
Obstacles
 Both
 The
communities
nationalists
order in 1969.
each
other.
Generations
unfair
treatment.
Itpeace
was when the
politicians
found
it
hard
to
talk
about
themselves
as
Irish.
to
peace
in
had
paramilitary
loyalists
could
not
Catholics welcomed
grow
uptheir
tofor
be
met
with
hostility
and were also
other
side
was
killing
people.
There
Northern
argument
a
united
forces.
agree
The
IRA
on
the
used
form
of
them at first but
distrustful
ofIreland
each
other
violence.
Protestants
divisions amongst
the
Unionists
and
The DUP
Ireland
can
never
be
violence
government
against the Nationalists.
for
complained that
tactics
disagreed withand
the UUP.
Sinn
Fein
disagreed
this
made
them
thought
that
it was an with the SDLP.
won
in
a
Protestant
British
Northern
army
and
Ireland.
killed
Direct

Power

Sectarian
of
the
army
and
RUC
Companies and
businesses
have
been
unwilling
to invest in
even
more
hostile
to
attempt
to
weaken
the
controlled
Northern
sharing
violence
many
people
Rule
was
during
hated
but
were
directed
against
Northern Ireland
the Troubles continued.
eachwhilst
other.
government.
Ireland.
the
Protestant-Catholic
when
the Powerthem.
Peace seemed adistant
The hope by 1993.
tit for Sharing
tat violence
Executive
and was
British
terrorist
offered
campaign.
itarmy
failed too.
and RUC
GCSE Modern World History Northern Ireland 1968-1993
48