Transcript Democratic Reforms of the 19th Century

Democratic Reforms of the
th
19 Century
Britain Expands Democracy
Traditional Government
• Britain became a constitutional monarchy
when Charles II took the throne in 1662
• Wealthy landowners still controlled
Parliament
• The increase in education during
industrialization forced a change in
government, the working class, women, &
colonists all wanted a voice in government
Democratic Progress
• The Enlightenment, industrialization, and
political revolutions that occurred in the
18th century encouraged peaceful political
reform in Great Britain
• Only 5% of the population had a voice in
government
• British land owners feared rebellion so
they decided to share the power
Reforms
• Reform Bill of 1832-gave middle class
men the right to vote and gave urban
areas representation in Parliament
• Chartists wanted secret ballots, no land
requirement to serve in Parliament, and
salaries for Members of Parliament
• Women began to fight for the right to vote
during the 1800s
France
• Third Republic emerges after the FrancoPrussian War
• Dreyfus Affair—Jewish officer framed &
convicted of treason, revealed European
Anti-Semitism
• Zionism developed in response, the Jews
wanted to return to a homeland in
Palestine, the Romans had kicked them
out in 76 AD
British Colonies
• Canada, New Zealand, & Australia all
were made dominions (given home rule)
because culturally they were very similar
to the British
• Ireland, South Africa, & India also had
movements for home rule but the British
refused to give them independence,
ETHNOCENTRISM/RACISM
Ireland
• British imposed their culture & attempted
to destroy the Irish culture, banned
schools & the Celtic language
• Catholic vs. Protestant, Northern Ireland
had a large Protestant population
• Potato Famine 1848-more Irish in US than
Ireland
Ireland
• 1916 Uprising-Angered the British
• IRA developed to fight for home rule
• 1921 granted independence but Northern
Ireland remains part of Britain
• Conflict in Northern Ireland redevelops
during the 1970s
Technology Explosion
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Edison-light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures
Eastman-Kodak film, motion picture film
Bell-telephone
Marconi-radio
Ford-assembly-line built automobiles
Wright Brothers-flight
One invention leads to another and the rate
keeps increasing
Medicine
• Germ Theory- Louis Pasteur discovers
bacteria causes disease
• Joseph Lister links bacteria to post surgery
deaths, surgeons begin sterilizing
equipment
• Vaccines developed to fight disease
Science
• Darwin proposes theory of evolution, still
controversial today
• Mendel-genetics, traits passed to offspring
• Dalton-all matter made of atoms
• Medeleev-creates the Periodic Table of
Elements
• Curie’s discover radioactivity
• Rutherford-atoms have nucleus
surrounded by electrons
Social Sciences
• Archaeology, anthropology, & psychology
all develop in late 19th century
• Scientists want to explain human behavior
& development
• Freud-conscious & unconscious both
influence human behavior
• Pavlov-animals (people too) can be
trained for automatic response
Mass Culture
• The increase in education led to a larger
market for art, music, & literature
• Labor reforms lead to more leisure time
which also increased the market for the
arts
• Spectator sports also developed
• Music, vaudeville, & movies also spread
cultural ideas