Transcript Chapter 27. The Age of Imperialism

Section 4.Nation Building
in Latin America
Nationalist Revolts
Haiti--Toussaint
L’Ouverture leads first
successful slave
rebellion (against
France)
The Citadel in Haiti
Fortress of L’Ouverture
South America
• Leaders: Creoles
angry about 2nd class
status
Simon
Bolivar
• 1821 ousted Spanish
from Venezuela and
Colombia
• Jose de San Martin:
1822 ousted Spanish
from Argentina, Chile
and Peru
• (Bolivar and Martin
combined to remove last
Spanish army in 1824.
Bolivar created a temporary
empire in South America.
Martin left South America
and died forgotten in France)
Brazil
• Dom Pedro Braganca:
1822 son of Portuguese
Emperor declared
independence and became
king of Brazil
• Only King in the
Western Hemisphere
• Later abdicated to become
King of Portugal
• His son, Dom Pedro II
became King of Brazil, but
was later overthrown by the
military
Mexico
Father
Hidalgo:
•1810 led Indian peasants
in revolt against Spain.
Revolt put down by
Creoles
• Agustin de Iturbide:
1821 Creole leader led
Mexico to independence
After Independence
• Mostly ruled by military
dictators (Caudillos)
• Political instability
• Peasants remain poor
New Imperialism
• Political independence, but
• Europe and US dominate
economies
• European countries
use force to collect
loan payments
Political Change
The US in Latin America
The Monroe Doctrine
1823
No colonization in
Latin America
Spanish-American
War
• 1895 Cubans revolt
against Spain
1898 US Battleship Maine
explodes in Havana=War
USS Maine 1911
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:1
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:10:./temp/~ammem_pgqy::
USS Maine being towed out to
sea 1911
Teddy
Roosevelt in
his
Roughrider
Uniform
http://www.bartleby.com/55/i4.html
• US frees Cuba, keeps Puerto
Rico
The Panama Canal
• US engineers
Panamanian revolt
against Colombia
Panama grants US Panama
Canal Zone
•10 mile wide canal zone
Gatun Locks
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/I?pan:2:./temp/~ammem_bJDM::displayType
• Pres. Teddy Roosevelt
pushes completion of
canal by 1914
Roosevelt corollary
(to the Monroe Doctrine)
• Only the US has the
right to act as an
international Police
power in Latin America
• Marines used to control
Nicaragua, Dominican
Republic, Cuba, and
other countries
U.S. Military Action In Latin America
The Mexican
Revolution
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/santaanna.htm
Santa Anna and the
Mexican War
• President 4 times between
1835-55
• Driven from Texas
• War with US after
Annexation of Texas
• Exiled to US
Benito Juarez and la
Reforma
• Indian leader who fought
for land and other
reforms
• Elected President in 1861
and 1867
French
Control
Emperor
Maximilian
http://www.austrian-mint.com/e/maxhist.html
• 1862 Emperor Maximillian
Hapsburg put on throne by
Napoleon III
• 1867 overthrown and
executed
• Cinco de Mayo
celebrates a battle
against the French
(Puebla)
Porfirio Diaz
• Dictator
• Mexican upper classes
prosper
• Americans and English
buy up assets
1911 Revolution
• Struggle for power
• Revolutionary leaders:
Pancho
Villa
Emiliano
Zapata
Diaz ousted
US sends troops to
Veracruz to help
government
Villa attacks Columbus,
NM: US troops invade
Mexico to catch Villa
(they fail)
• War ends in 1919
• 1928 PRI takes over
Mexico--in power until
2000
Economic Change in L.A.
• Increased prosperity
• Rise of the Middle Class
• Middle Class sees US as
model
Great Imperial Powers in
1900
Land Empires
• Russia
• Austria
• Ottoman
• China
Overseas Empires
• Britain
• France
• Germany
• Netherlands
• Denmark
Italy
Portugal
USA
Spain
Japan
The British Navy acts as
world’s policeman
European countries begin
to clash over Colonial
territory
The End
Sources
• 4. Atlas of World History.
Noel
Grove. National Geographic 1997
• 9. Everyday Life Throughout the
Ages. Michael Worth Davison.
Readers Digest. 1992
• 19. Transparency West Pub.. 1998
• 20. Transparency
McDougall Littell. 1999
• 21. Transparency A. J. Nystrom
Inc..
• 22. Transparency D. C. Heath
• 25. World History, Patterns of
Interactions. Beck, Black et. al..
McDougall Littell. 1999
• 76. Revolution. Mark Almond. De
Agonistini Editions.Ltd. London.
1996.
• 79. World History Connections to
Today. Elisabeth Ellis and Anthony
Esler. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey. 1999.
• 80. World History The Human
Odyssey. Jackson Spielvogel. West
Educational Publishing. Agorra
Hills, CA. 1999.
Charge of the Light Brigade
I. Ottoman Empire fades
• 1830 Greek
Independence
A. Crimean War reveals
weakness to Europe
C. Persia attempts to
modernize
• 1. Grants concessions to
Britain and Russia for
money
• 2. Britain and Russia
develop “Spheres of
Influence” over parts
of Persia