Transcript Road to Independence PPT

Gandhi
Hussein
Kenyatta
Ataturk
BenGurion
Arafat
Khomeini
Mandela
The Road to Independence
By 1945, what parts of the world were not free
from foreign rule?
Presentation Dates:
1. Tues., 5/13 – Gandhi
2. Friday, 5/16 – Ataturk, Khomeini,
Ben-Gurion, Arafat, Hussein
(potential spill-over Monday, 5/19)
3. Tuesday, 5/20 – Kenyatta,
Nkrumah, Mandela
European Imperialism
(1800’s)
Fall of
Ottoman
Empire
(Post WWI)
2.
3.
1.
India: From Past to Present
What do you remember about the
history of India?
Task:
Identify the
significance of the
following events/ideas
relevant to the history
of the Middle East.
Answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Indus/Ganges
Dharma: duties; Karma: actions
Fixed social structure; untouchables
Nirvana
Prince Siddhartha Gautama
Leads to moksha
Mauryan Empire/Gupta Dynasty
Buddhists reject caste system
Akbar the Great
Mughal
Rebellion against British laws
Indian National Congress/Muslim League
British East India Company
Raj
Taj Mahal; tomb for Emperor’s wife
Timeline of India: Key Events
B
A
3,000
BC
500 -
500
C
D
1500’s
1800’s
A)Indus & Ganges Rivers
FERTILE
SOIL!
A)Indus River Valley (3,000 BCE)
Social Hierarchy: Caste System
(Priests)
Brahmins
(Warriors)
Kshatriyas
(Farmers, artisans, merchants)
Vaisyas
(The conquered, servants, laborers)
Sudras
Pariahs [Harijan]  Untouchables
A)Hinduism vs. B)Buddhism
• Buddhism
• Hinduism
– Time: ca.500 BCE
– Time: ca. 2,000 BCE
– Goal: ______________
– Goal: ______________
• 4 Noble Truths
• Role of dharma
• ______________ Path
and ______________
– Founder: Prince
– Founder: ?
Siddhartha Gautama
(Aryanism)
– Beliefs:
– Beliefs:
• Polytheistic
• Polytheistic
• Reincarnation
• Reincarnation
• Equality
• Supports Caste
• ______________ caste system
System
B) ______________ Dynasty: Golden Age of India
(ca. 200 BCE)
Reign of Asoka & the spread of Buddhism
Trade, Prosperity, Tolerance, Public Works,
EDUCATION (math & science)
C) ______________ Rule in India
(15th c/Muslim Dynasty):
Same dynasty that gets taken over by
___________ The Great
the Europeans (19th c)!
Religious
Toleration
Sha Jahan
D) The British in India –“__________”
“The Jewel in the Crown”
Multiple Choice Review
1. 4
2. 1
3. 4
4. 1
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. 1 (horrible question)
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
C
A
B
4
1
3
1
2
B
What METHODS work best to
achieve something you want (or
believe in)?
Task:
1.Explain an instance when you felt strongly
about an issue/or wanted something (that
you believed in).
2. How did you attempt to pursue this
issue/goal?
3.What were the results? Was your method
effective? Why or Why not?
Mohandas Gandhi
NEHRU
•Members of
the INC;
Demanding
independence
from GB preWWI
Muslim League:
To partition
India and create
a free Islamic
state (1906)
GANDHI
Take notes on the following events & be ready to discuss!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
South Africa (begins with train scene)
Conditions in India
Gandhi’s Actions/Plan
Amritsar Massacre
Discussion w/British
Salt March/Saltworks
Funeral
Salt March
March 1930
Nonviolent protest against British imposed salt tax
making it illegal to sell or produce salt
- What took place?
- Why is this an act of civil disobedience?
Independence:
1. India: Independence in
1947; a ___________ state
a. World’s largest
_____________________
b. US ally
2. Creation of _______________;
a Muslim state
3. Tensions:
a. Disputed area: Kashmir
b. Sikhism: Hindu & Islam
4. Both countries possess
__________ weapons
a. Threats
5. Gandhi’s dream unfulfilled
2. Indira Gandhi
1. Nehru
(Nehru’s
(1947-1964)
daughter)
(1964-1984)
3. Indira’s son,
Rajiv (19841989)
Assassinated
Assassinated
PM
Singh
India Today
1. Practice of _____________________
still exists (rural areas)
– Despite ban in Constitution
2. Less education for _____________
3. Poverty (1/3); overcrowded cities
4. Sikhs demanding self-rule in
Punjab
5. ____________ Revolution: method
to increase food production
– New methods of irrigation,
seeds
– Dependency on monsoons
Pakistan Today
1. Political Instability
2. As of 9/2008, elected
President, Zardari
3. said to have aided US
to find Bin Laden
- Bin Laden found in
Pakistan (2011)
The Middle East: From Past to Present
What do you remember about this part of the world?
Task:
Identify the following
historical events/ideas
relevant to the history
of the Middle East.
1. River Valley: The City States of Mesopotamia
World Map? (600 BC) - Cuneiform
Babylon = rectangle
Euphrates – diagonal
Kingdoms = small circles
Ocean = large circles (around world?)
1. River Valley:
Mesopotamia
Babylon (city-state)
• King Hammurabi
~ 1792-1750 BCE
• CODE OF
HAMMURABI
• 1st written legal
system
1. River Valley:
Mesopotamia
Ziggurat at Ur
(2,100 BCE)
1. River Valley: The Hebrews (approx 2,000 BC)
st monotheistic religion
1
Mesopotamia
2. The Rise of Christianity 26 AD
+
3.
Emergence of Islam (7th c)
Saudi Arabia
Abbasid Dynasty: Golden Age
Advances in Math/Science
Holy Book
Coin of the Abbasids, Baghdad, Iraq, 1244
4. The Islamic (Ottoman) Empire
(approx 950)
Mughal (Muslim) Rule in India:
Akbar The Great
Sha Jahan
5. THE CRUSADES (1099)
a series of wars fought between the Christian and Muslim
world for the “holy land”
“Deus lo volt!” – God wills it!
6. Mandates in the ME
(post WW-I)
Ottoman (Muslim) Empire
(1453 - 1918)
Situation of Middle East ~ Palestine
Balfour Declaration – in regard to Ottoman lands (1917)
Dear Lord Rothschild,
His Majesty's government view with favor the
establishment in Palestine of a national home for the
Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to
facilitate the achievement of this goal. Nothing shall be
done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of
existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the
rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other
country.
-Arthur James Balfour
Question: What is Balfour saying?
He supports Zionism (homeland for Jews in Palestine)
Roman Empire
(44 BCE)
Byzantine
Empire (476)
Ottoman (Muslim) Empire
(1453 - 1918)
The Middle East – Post 1945
1. What was the
political status of
many Middle Eastern
nations post-WWI
(1920’s)?
a. Why did this
happen?
2. What happened to
Turkey? How?
What 3 events do you think are most
significant? Why?
What does
this mean
for us?
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
• Created in 1960 by Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia
and Venezuela TO CONTROL OIL
INDUSTRY (production & prices)
• 12 members today
• 50+% of world’s production & OVER 75%
reserves
What is the significance of this data?
DEPENDENCY
Explain how the following words are associated
with each man? (p. 911-915)
1. Ataturk
Secular
Turkey
Soviets
2. Nasser
Israel
Pan-Arab nationalize
3. Sadat
Suez
Canal
Egypt
America
Israel
assassinated
4. Pahlavi
West
Elite
America
ulama
West
Islamic
women
5. Khomeini Sharia
democracy
Middle East Nationalist Figures: What are the legacies of these men?
ATATURK
Creation of a
free, secular
Turkey &
Democracy
NASSER
KHOMEINI
Arab Nationalist
/ends British
control of Suez
Canal
Creation of an
Islamic
Fundamentalist
state in Iran; over
throws the Shah
3. Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian Revolution (1979)
Shah Pahlavi
Khomeini
Current Iranian Leadership
• Supreme Leader
Ali Hoseini-Khamenei
• President
Mahmud
Ahmadinejad
Ayatollah
Arab-Israeli Conflict:
1. What two groups of people want
independence in Jerusalem? Independence
from who?
2. What are their claims to the land?
3. Who do you think has the strongest
claims? Why?
Arab-Israeli Conflict: Palestine
1. Birthplace of Judaism (Hebrew Civilization); Exodus, Diaspora
2. Palestine was part of Islamic & Ottoman Empire (rule by Muslims)
3. Acquired by the British (post-WWI); Balfour Declaration (1917) –
Jewish “right to homeland”
4. The Holocaust
Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948
David
BenGurion:
1st Prime
Minister
MAY 15th = WAR(S)
The Six Day War
Yasser Arafat
(’94-’04)
Egypt: Anwar Sadat
(Nasser’s successor,
1970)
Egypt: Mubarak
(’81-’11)
Former Chairman of
Makes peace
the _______________
Human Rights
w/__________
Liberation
Abuses; dictatorship;
(1979); Camp
Organization (PLO);
corruption, wide class
controversial figure; ________ Accords
gap; overthrown in
terrorist? nationalist? Assassinated by
2011
Diplomat?
_______ extremists
Arab Spring – Revolts against oppressive governments
December, 2010 - Present
Saddam Hussein (’79-’06) &
Persian Gulf War (’90-91)
• Iraqi invasion of
____________
– OIL
• ________ mission
– “collective security”
– Operation ___________
Storm
• Liberation of Kuwait
– UN Success
• Held in custody by US
forces; “crimes against
________________”
• Trial and ____________
Kurds in
Iraq/Iran
• Minority group
seeking
independence
(Kurdistan?)
• Victims of
Human rights
abuses
Does Iran Have Nuclear Weapons?
United Nations – Statement 1960
“The subjection of people to alien
subjugation, domination and
exploitation is contrary to the Charter
of the United Nations and is an
impediment to the promotion of world
peace and cooperation.”
What is the main idea?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A Brief Review …Who Am I?
“I was overthrown as leader of Iran because I embraced
modernization.”
“I secularized the nation of Turkey.”
“I am an Islamic Fundamentalist.”
“I freed Egypt from British control.”
“I made peace with Israel, which led to my
assassination.”
“I invaded Kuwait for oil.”
“I was the 1st Prime Minister of Israel.”
“I fought against apartheid in South Africa.”
“I am leader of the P.L.O”
“I am the leader of a Zionist movement”
Do Now: What does the following data reveal?
Task: What is his fight against/for?
“During my lifetime I have
dedicated myself to this struggle
of the African people. I have
fought against white domination,
and I have fought against black
domination. I have cherished the
ideal of a democratic and free
society in which all persons live
together in harmony and with
equal opportunities. It is an ideal
which I hope to live for and to
achieve. But if needs be, it is an
ideal for which I am prepared to - Nelson Mandela (1964)
die.”
Apartheid Ends – 1994
DeKlerk & Mandela win _____________________
• (1990) President F.W. DeKlerk,
releases __________
• (1994)Nelson Mandela
___________ president
•Democratic
•Rivalries still exist; ethnic
differences
•Sanctions lifted; trade
resumes
Africa – Post Independence
• Civil Wars & Genocide
– Ethnic rivalries
• Effects of _______________ &
_______________ rule
– Nigeria (1966), Rwanda
(1994), Sudan/Darfur (1960’s
– today)