Transcript APWH Foundations Powerpoint Review #2

AP World Review
March 12, 2005
Practically all of this was
stolen from other sources: a
shout-out to teachers who
share their ‘stuff’ on the web
Agenda
Information Summary: Foundations Unit
Multiple Choice Exercise
DBQ Review and Partner DOC’s
Practice DBQ Question
Six Themes
• The impact of interaction among major societies. Such as
Trade, International Exchange, War, and Diplomacy
• The Relationship of Change and Continuity across the periods
of World History
• Impact of Technology and Demography on People and the
Environment; Including Population change, Manufacturing,
Agriculture, etc.
• Systems of Organization and Gender Structure
• Cultural and Intellectual Development and Interactions among
Societies
• Change over time in functions and structures of Political States
Test Format
• Exam last 3 Hours and 5 Minutes
• 55 Minutes for 70 Multiple Choice Questions
• 50 Minutes for Document Based Question (10 minutes for Reading
and Evaluating Documents)
• 40 Minutes for Change Over Time Essay
• 40 Minutes for Comparative Essay Question
• Time Frames
–
–
–
–
–
Prehistory to 1000 C.E: 14% of Questions
1000 C.E-1450 C.E: 23 % of Questions
1450 C.E- 1750 C.E: 20% of Questions
1750 C.E- 1914 C.E: 20% of Questions
1914-Present: 23% of Questions
Grading
• 70 Multiple Choice Questions = 1/2 Score
• Document Based Question = 16.66% of
Score
• Change Over Time Essay = 16.66% of
Score
• Comparative Essay = 16.66% of Score
• Essays Graded on Scale of 0 to 9
Broad Topics addressed in Foundations Unit:
Environment: domesticating plants and animals
Early development of agricultural technology
Basic features: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley
Shang China and Meso/South America
The rise and fall of classical civilizations: Zhou and
Han China, India (South Asia) {Gupta Empire},
Greece and Rome
Major belief systems: polytheism, animism,
Hinduism Confucianism, Daoism,
Buddhism, Christianity
Building Blocks of Civilization
• What is a Civilization? (often called
advanced urban society nowadays)
– Economic System
– Political Organization
– Moral Code (Religion with hierarchy)
– Written Language (a technological
advancement) and Intellectual Tradition
– Division of Labor
Early Man
• Beginnings of Humans
– Hominids: 3 to 4 million years on earth
– Hominids were primates
– Earliest Hominids called Australopithecine
– Bipeds
• Other Types of Early Man
– Homo Habilis, Homo Erectus, Homo Sapiens
Stone Age
• Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
– Tools were used
– Simple Huts
– Fire
• Hunter Gatherer Societies
– Family or Clan Groupings
– Political Organizations Begin
– Art and Music also practiced
• Agricultural Revolution: Neolithic Revolution
– Occurred around end of Great Ice Age
– Rapid Population Growth
– Need for Change of Food Supply, more standard
– New Skills Needed
• Pastoralism and Agriculture
– Begins with Domestication of Plants and Animals
Results of Agricultural Revolution
• Many Diversified Crops developed
• Development of Communities and
Villages
– Not Based on family ties
– Lead to formation of Cities
• Early Religions form around Harvest
and Planting Seasons: sky religions
• Specialization of Labor
– Improved Tools
– Development of Social Classes
River Valley Civilizations
• Mesopotamia
– Tigris and Euphrates River Valley
– Fertile Crescent: floods were unpredictable
– Written Language: Cuneiform
– Epic of Gilgamesh
– Hammurabi’s Code
• Egypt
– Nile River valley: Upper and Lower Egypt
– Inundation: regular flooding Schedule
– Monarchy: Pharaoh and Small class of Priests
– Duality: Complex Religion, Mummification
– Many great Inventions and Advances
River Valley Civilizations
• Indus Valley
– Indus and Ganges Rivers
– Reason for decline not known: may be soil exhaustion
– Highly unified and organized government
– Artistic
• China
– Yellow River valley
– Shang China: first dynasty
– Monarchy
– Bronze work, silk making, pottery, jade
– Zhou Dynasty: Many Advancements
• Mandate of heaven
Middle East Civilizations
• Persians
– Created one of the largest empires on world history :from
Turkey to Lybia
– Cyrus the Great was first king, Darius the Great
– Advanced Postal System (spies), Roads, Single Currency,
and Decentralized Government
– Zoroastrianism: Primary Religion
– Fell to Alexander the Great
• Phoenicians
– Syria and Lebanon
– Advanced Export Economy
– Skilled Traders
– Established Carthage
– First Alphabet
Ancient Greece
•
•
•
Aegean, Minoan, Mycenaean
Civilizations
– Trading Societies
– Conquest (Trojan war)
– Joined into single Culture
called Hellenes or Greeks
Greek City States: Polis
– Athens, Sparta
• Athens: educated, great
thinkers
• Sparta: Warlike, Soldiers,
Military Strength
Beginnings of Democracy
– Began in Athens
– Pericles
– Not full enfranchisement
– Most representative
Government in Ancient World
Ancient Greece
• Peloponnesian War
– Conflict between Athens and Sparta
– Left Greece Weak
– Open to conquest from Persians and then Macedonian
“Alexander the Great”
• Alexander the Great
– Great Conqueror, took over Asia, Persian Empire, territory to
borderlands of India
– Spread Greek Culture throughout Eurasia
• Hellenic Culture
– Science was important, Geometry, physics, mathematics
and astronomy
– Poetry (Homer), Drama(Sophocles, Aeschyles, Euripedes)
Philosophy, (Socrates, Plato)
Ancient Rome
• Roman Republic
– Tensions between Plebeians (lower class) and Patrician
(upper class)
– Beginning of Roman expansion
– Punic Wars
• Three Campaigns against Carthage (for control of
Mediterranean Sea
• Rome was Victorious
– Began expanding to the East (Greece, Balkans)
• Collapse of Roman Republic
– Too Much expansion
– Caused Social Problems, Civil wars, disease
– Solidification of Leadership under single hand
• Roman empire
– Julius Caesar, Octavian (Caesar Agustus)
Han Dynasty
• Strongest and longest dynasty
--Confucianist
• Expansionist Empire
– Postal system
– Roads
– Defensive fortifications
• Weak Leadership caused collapse
– Corruption and leadership issues
Similarities between the Fall of Rome and the Fall of the Han Dynasty:
1. Nomadic Invaders
2. Economic Stagnation and Contraction
3. Disease
4. Growing decentralization of the government
5. Loss of faith in the society
India
• Aryans
– Nomadic Group invaded India
– Earliest Europeans
– Conquered the Dravidians (Dark Skinned Indians)
– Established Warrior Aristocracy
– Established Sanskrit
– Vedic and Early Hindu faith
• Caste System
• Priests (Brahmins)
• Warriors and Political Rulers (Kshatruyas)
• Commoners
• Servants and Peasants
• The “Untouchables”
– Born into Caste; Cannot be changed
India Continued
• Mauryan empire
– Ashoka: famous Emperor
– Converted to Buddhism
– Collapsed from outside attacks
• Gupta Empire
– Religious toleration
– Muslim invaders
Religious Traditions:
1. Animism—the belief that all things in the
world are infused with spirit. Certain spirits
must remain pleased in order to create
order in the universe.
Religions
• Judaism
– Hebrews
– Monotheistic (cultural hearth in Palestine)
• YAWEH
– Covenant-• Islam—a salvation tradition
– Founded by Muhammad (cultural hearth in Arabia)
– Five Pillars
– Allah
Religions Continued
• Christianity—a salvation tradition
– Messiah: Jesus (cultural hearlth in Palestine
during the Roman Empire)
– Evangelical
• Hinduism (cultural hearth in South Asia)
– Bramin, Multiple Gods, Darma, Karma,
Reincarnation, Caste System
• Buddhism—a salvation tradition
– 4 Noble truths (cultural hearth in South Asia)
– 8 fold path
• Daoism (Taoism) (cultural hearth in East Asia)
– The Way
Consider the shared traits of River Valley Civ.’s
Consider the shared traits of Classical Empires
Why did Civ.’s fail?
Trade?
Technology?
Patriarchy?
Religious Traditions?
Environmental concerns