Transcript What is a civilization? - Haynes Academy for Advanced Studies

DO NOW!
• After quietly taking your seat, take out your binder as
well as your homework from last night (The Student
Survey). Hold on to the survey, do not put in the TurnIn Box yet.
ANY SUPPLIES TO TURN IN?
NAME TAGS
In order to help be learn you names, each of you will be creating
your own name tag that you will keep out and on your desk for
the first couple of weeks.
Fold the paper “like a hot dog.” On one side, write your name large
enough to be seen by someone walking around the room.
On the other side, you can also put your name or decorate the tag
with symbols or designs that you think describe you personally.
HEY HISTORY!
Topic: What is a civilization?
1) In your own words, write your own explanation for what you
believe a civilization is.
2) What do you believe some defining characteristics of the
earliest civilizations are?
3) Are there any characteristics the early civilizations have in
common with our current civilization? Explain.
THE EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATIONS
• Archaeologists (scientists who study ancient peoples and
artifacts) have been able to discover a great amount about the
development of early civilizations.
• The period of history before writing is called prehistory
• Between roughly 100,000 and 400,000 years ago, early humans
were nomads moving from place to place in search of food
• During the Middle Stone Age – about 10,000 to 5,500 years –
people tamed the dog and made weapons for hunting
• In the New Stone Age – which lasted until about 4,000 years ago –
people began to erect settlements, leading to agriculture and
domestication of animals
FOUNDATION OF CIVILIZATION
Over time, people created civilizations – a highly organized society
with complex institutions
Most civilizations have at least 3 characteristics
1) Surplus of food
2) Complex government
3) Division of labor
Improvements in agriculture led to surplus of food  surplus led to
population growth  pop. growth led to people doing different
jobs  different jobs led to the spread of ideas or cultures from
one place to another – cultural diffusion
RISE OF THE RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
The first major civilizations emerged in four great river valleys:
1)The Tigris-Euphrates valley in Southwest Asia
2)The Nile valley in Africa
3)The Indus valley in South Asia
4)The Huang valley in East Asia
RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS TIMELINES
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Each group will have one of the 4 major river valleys
•
Your group will choose and describe the major events in the rise of
civilization in your river valley
•
Your group will create a timeline in which each event is represented by one
sheet of paper. After the events are written, you will then attach them to
make a cohesive timeline of at least 5 events.
•
Each event should have the following:
• Date
• Explanation of event
• Why it is important
• An illustration
•
Pages 1-10 from textbook, or smart phone devices
RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION BROCHURE
CLOSURE
Exit Slip
3 things you learned about the rise of civilizations
2 things you found interesting
1 thing you still have a question about
HOMEWORK…
When you go home tonight, look up pictures of any popular places
found in your river valley, such as pictures that you might see in a
travel brochure.
Print out the best pictures you can find and bring them to class
tomorrow
DO NOW!
• After quietly taking your seat, get out your binder and your writing
utensil(s)
• Take out your name tag and place it in front of you
• If you have any class supplies, take those out and put them on
top of the table so they can be checked and turned in
SUPPLIES AND DIVIDERS
If you have your supplies, you may put them on the back table after I check
you.
Dividers:
1) Hey History!
2) Notes
3) Handouts
4) Homework
5) Tests and Quizzes
FINISH TIMELINES!
•
Your group will create a timeline in which each event is represented by
one sheet of paper. After the events are written, you will then attach
them to make a cohesive timeline of at least 5 events.
•
Each event should have the following:
• Date
• Explanation of event
• Why it is important
• An illustration
•
Pages 1-10 from textbook, or smart phone devices
NOW, WE COMPARE/CONTRAST!
How are our timelines similar?
How are they different?
THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES VALLEY
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The first city-states we know of appeared in Sumer, located in southern
Mesopotamia, around 4000 BCE
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Sumerian temples, known as Ziggurats, were the central feature of the city-states
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Used the wheel for transportation and agriculture; plow for agriculture
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Around 3000 BCE, Sumerians developed cuneiform, a new form of wedge shaped
writing
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In about 2330 BCE, the Akkadians conquered the Sumerians
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In about 1792 BCE, a ruler named Hammurabi came to power, conquered most
of the upper Tigris-Euphrates Valley; Hammurabi best known for creating
Hammurabi’s Code
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From 1600s BCE to 500s BCE, many groups conquered and held the valley for
some time, including the Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and Persians
THE NILE VALLEY
• Its is believed that the earliest settlements were built along the Nile River about
6000 BCE.
• Yearly floods of the Nile led to the nickname for Egypt, “The Gift of the Nile”
• Egypt was divided by farming settlements into 2 kingdoms, Lower Egypt in the North
and Upper Egypt in the South
• In about 3200 BCE, King Menes of Upper Egypt united the 2 kingdoms
• The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three main periods – the Old Kingdom, the
Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom – which lasted from about 2700 BCE to 300
BCE and consisted of roughly 30 Egyptian dynasties
• Egyptians believed in the practice of polytheism (believing in multiple gods), and
Pharaohs were also considered gods that wielded great power
• Early Egyptians had very accurate calendars, used geometry for several purposes,
and had some of the best architects in the world
THE INDUS VALLEY
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First Indus Valley civilization developed about 4500 years ago
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The Harappan Civilization began several hundred years after city-states developed
in Egypt and Sumer
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Two major cities we know about – Harappa and Mohenjo Daro
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Ruins from these cities show signs of advanced city planning and design
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In about 1750 BCE, Indo-European invaders came into India, built settlements, and
implemented a complex social system  eventually led to the Caste system
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In about the 300s AD, most of northern India was reunited under the Gupta
Dynasty
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Indian society during the Gupta Dynasty left a lasting legacy in art, mathematics,
literature, and science
THE HUANG VALLEY
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China was cut off from the rest of the world by geographical boundaries, so
developed without outside influences
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Sometime between 1750 BCE and 1500 BCE, the Shang Dynasty developed
along the Huang River
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In about 1050 BCE, the Shang were conquered by the Zhou, who claimed it
was their divine right, or “mandate of heaven,” to rule.
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In about 221 BCE, the Qin Dynasty was founded; during their short run, the
Qin standardized weights, coinage, measures, and coinage
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In 206 BCE, the Han Dynasty overthrew the Qin; the Han kept a strong
centralized govt, with less harsh punishments than the Qin
•
Early Chinese dynasties developed great skills in the arts and sciences,
offering many contributions to literature and philosophy
CREATE A BROCHURE!
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Create a Brochure for one of the ancient city-states in your river valley civilization
(Sumer, Egypt, Harappa, Mohenjo Daro, Beijing, etc.)
•
Your Brochure should include:
• The name of your city-state
• Pictures demonstrating the allure of your city-state (can be drawings)
• Achievements/attractions associated with your civilization
• Your best sales pitch for your city-state!
•
You will be graded on
• Neatness
• Accuracy of information
• Following instructions for assignment
• Group participation
CLOSURE…
DO NOW!
After quietly taking, your seat, take out your binder and social
studies materials
If you have supplies or your signed syllabus form to turn in, take
those out as well and place them on top of your materials
START/CONTINUE TO WORK ON BROCHURES
•
Create a Brochure for one of the ancient city-states in your river valley civilization (Sumer, Egypt,
Harappa, Mohenjo Daro, Beijing, etc.)
•
Your Brochure should include:
• The name of your city-state
• Pictures demonstrating the allure of your city-state (can be drawings)
• Achievements/attractions associated with your civilization
• Your best sales pitch for your city-state!
•
You will be graded on
• Neatness
• Accuracy of information
• Following instructions for assignment
• Group participation
•
Quiz Grade
CLOSURE/HOMEWORK
Brief Essay: Rise of Civilization
Using your notes and textbook, explain how ancient civilizations
came to formation and what elements constitute a civilization.
Additionally, provide examples of each element of society from
one of the first river valley civilizations.
Elements of an essay…
DO NOW…
After quietly taking your seat, get out your social studies binder and
turn to the Hey History! Section
Turn in your homework from last night in the Turn-In Box
HEY HISTORY!
Topic: Exploring Religion
1) How would you define the term “religion”
2) Do you believe a society needs to practice some type of religion in order
to be considered a civilization? Explain why or why not?
3) What is the relationship between a “religion” and a “philosophy”? Are
there any differences, similarities?
THE FIVE MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS
RELIGIOUS INFORMATION GUIDES!
YOU ALL BE THE TEACHERS!
RELIGIOUS DEBATE?!
After examining each religion, which do you believe is the most
credible religion?
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Confucianism
Place of origin: The late Zhou Period in China
Central figure: K’ung Ch’iu, aka Confucius
Central Text: The Five Clasics
Core Belief: Three basic concepts – the importance of family,
respect for one’s elders, and respect for the past
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Daoism aka Taoism
Place of origin: Zhou period in China
Central figure: Laozi (regarded as founder of Daoism
Central Text: the Daozang
Core Belief: people should withdraw and think about the natural
harmony of the world
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Legalism
Place of origin: Zhou Period in China
Central figure: Legalist thinker Han Fei – most famous legalistic
scholar
Central Text: No specific central text, instead sets of legal
principles such as the Book of Lord Shang
Core Belief: taught that people were basically selfish and
untrustworthy and had to be controlled with harsh measures
RELIGION VS. PHILOSOPHY
How do they compare/contrast to one another?
Back to the beginning of class, are they necessary for a society to be
considered a civilization?
LESSON REFLECTION….
DO NOW!
After coming into class and quietly taking your seat, take out a
writing utensil (pencil).
Take out any materials you need to turn in to me, such as supplies or
signed syllabus forms.
Place the rest of your belongings under your tables.
PRE-TEST…
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES: RECAP
Confucianism
Place of origin: The late Zhou Period in China
Central figure: K’ung Ch’iu, aka Confucius
Central Text: The Five Classics
Core Belief: Three basic concepts – the importance of family,
respect for one’s elders, and respect for the past
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Daoism aka Taoism
Place of origin: Zhou period in China
Central figure: Laozi (regarded as founder of Daoism)
Central Text: the Daozang
Core Belief: people should withdraw and think about the natural
harmony of the world
CHINESE PHILOSOPHIES
Legalism
Place of origin: Zhou Period in China
Central figure: Legalist thinker Han Fei – most famous legalistic
scholar
Central Text: No specific central text, instead sets of legal
principles such as the Book of Lord Shang
Core Belief: taught that people were basically selfish and
untrustworthy and had to be controlled with harsh measures
RELIGION VS. PHILOSOPHY
How do they compare/contrast to one another?
You will be creating a Venn diagram chart, explaining the
similarities and differences between religion and
philosophy practices
(It would help to use examples from our class notes)
GRAPES GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS/INFO GUIDE
You will be creating graphic organizers describing various aspects of each
of the early river valley civilizations
1)The Tigris-Euphrates valley in Southwest Asia
2)The Nile valley in Africa
3)The Indus valley in South Asia
4)The Huang valley in East Asia
You will put the following information in your graphic organizers:
Geography
Religion
Architecture/Achievements
Politics
Economy
Social
CLOSURE…
After quietly taking your seats, take out your World History binder and materials.
DO NOW
After quietly taking your seat, take out your World History
binder and class materials.
FINISH GRAPES GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS/INFO GUIDE
You will be creating graphic organizers describing various aspects of each
of the early river valley civilizations
1)The Tigris-Euphrates valley in Southwest Asia
2)The Nile valley in Africa
3)The Indus valley in South Asia
4)The Huang valley in East Asia
You will put the following information in your graphic organizers:
Geography
Religion
Architecture/Achievements
Politics
Economy
Social
HEY HISTORY!
Consider the words democracy and republic…
1) What do these words mean in terms of the United States?
2) What do they mean in terms of ancient Greece and Rome?
Today, we will discuss the development of the 2 civilizations that
created the two systems of government on which our country is
based!
GREEK CITY-STATES
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By about 2000 BC, Indo Europeans settled in the Balkan Peninsula and Aegean Sea
region; In time these people became known as Greeks
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Various city-states were formed in the 800s and 700s, most important were Athens
and Sparta
-
By 600 B.C. struggles for control broke out between landowners and soldiers as well
as aristocrats; some landowners became tyrants
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Over time, tyrants became unjust and were removed by the people; many city-states
believed they should rule themselves
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In about 507 BC, Cleisthenes overthrew the aristocrats ruling Athens and created a
direct democracy – system of govt in which all citizens participate in decision
making
THE GOLDEN AGE
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A time during the 300s when Greek culture flourished to new
heights
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During this time, Greeks created impressive architecture,
attempted to explain natural events using logic, and wrote
philosophy to try to explain the human spirit
THE GOLDEN AGE: POST IT POSTERS
Golden Age: period during the 5th century B.C. where Greek culture reached new heights
Hellenistic Period: period in 4th century B.C. where Greece became unified and its
culture continued to spread rapidly
You will be divided into 8 groups; each Group will be assigned one of four groups from
the time period:
1) Sculpture/Painting/Architecture
2) History/Literature
3) Medicine/Science/Mathematics
4) Philosophy
Use your textbook and smart phones to find examples for your area from your time
period. Record examples on Post its!
THE ROMAN WORLD
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Hellenistic culture also spread to the western Mediterranean; this
spread greatly influenced a new power on the Italian peninsula,
the city of Rome
THE RISE AND FALL OF ROME
Working in your table groups, create a rising and falling timeline for the rise
and fall of the Roman Empire
Be sure to include major achievements, contributions to government, rise
and fall of political figures, and other major contributions to the world
Each event should be written on a separate half piece of construction
paper; use your textbook to find the majority of your information and
your smart devices to verify
CLOSURE
What do you believe the greatest achievement/accomplishment
Greece was able to contribute to the world? Explain
What do you believe the greatest achievement/accomplishment
Rome was able to contribute to the world? Explain
HOMEWORK
Check the wiki tonight for the photos
Finish filling in your Golden Age/Hellenistic Info guide
tonight
DO NOW!
After quietly coming into class, take out your World History materials.
Pass back papers from the Pick Up box!
Take out your charts examining the Golden Age and the Hellenistic
Period to be checked for completion .
Prepare for your Hey History! Topic of the day.
HEY HISTORY!
Topic: The Rise and Fall of Rome
(Video)
After watching the video, and from any prior knowledge, what do you know
about the ancient empire of Rome?
How do you think the Roman Empire was able to spread to such vast
measures?
Why do you think ancient Rome eventually fell and divided?
THE RISE AND FALL OF ROME
Working in your table groups, create a rising and falling timeline for the rise
and fall of the Roman Empire, starting from 500s BC and ending in 476
AD (The fall of western Rome)
Be sure to include major achievements, contributions to government, rise
and fall of political figures, and other major contributions to the world
Each event should be written on a separate half piece of construction
paper; use the prologue of your textbook to find the majority of your
information and your smart devices to verify
6-10 Events
UPS AND DOWNS IN THE ROMAN WORLD
In 509 BC, the roman aristocracy set up a republic, a form of
government in which voters elect their leaders. By 256 BC, the
Roman Republic controlled all of southern Italy, but the republic
eventually fell.
The death of the republic led to the birth of the Roman Empire as we
know it.
Augustus Caesar and his successors established their power
throughout the entire Mediterranean world, which led to a period
known as the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace.
During the Pax Romana, peace came at a price, and eventually the
Roman Empire divided and fell.
SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF ROME
Each of your groups will be assigned to look closely at one period in ancient
Roman history
Your job is to try to become a “problem solving panel” for the time period.
Identify the Key problems of your time period and attempt to suggest ways
in which the Romans could have solved the problems.
After the group discussions, we will come together as a class to share our
answers
KEY PROBLEMS OF ROMAN TIME PERIODS
The Republic:
-
There were a growing number of poor city people
-
Expansion weakened roman government and society
-
“Dictators for life”
Pax Romana:
-
Political system established reduced the power of the Roman
Senate, assemblies, and magistrates
-
Political power centralized in emperor
-
Great distance of wealth b/w rich and poor
KEY PROBLEMS OF ROMAN TIME PERIODS
The Decline of the Empire:
-
The empire struggled with civil wars and barbarian invasions
-
Multiple emperors in a short time span
-
Expansion ending led to decline of $ coming in
-
Empire was weakened by division into Eastern/Western Rome
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES : RIVER VALLEY
CIVILIZATIONS VS. MEDITERRANEAN WORLD
How are the civilizations that rose to power in the river valleys
different from the civilizations of the Mediterranean world? How
are they similar?
Compose a list, comparing the similarities and differences between
these two groups: The River Valley Civilizations and the
Mediterranean Civilizations
Can use Two Column Notes format or Venn Diagram format
CLOSURE
Homework: If you have not already, you need to start looking over
your notes to gather your study materials for our test on Friday
DO NOW!
After coming into class quietly, take out your WH materials and
worksheet from last class examining Roman time periods.
SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF ROME
Each of your groups will be assigned to look closely at one period in ancient
Roman history
Your job is to try to become a “problem solving panel” for the time period.
Identify the Key problems of your time period and attempt to suggest ways
in which the Romans could have solved the problems.
After the group discussions, we will come together as a class to share our
answers
KEY PROBLEMS OF ROMAN TIME PERIODS
The Republic:
-
There were a growing number of poor city people
-
Expansion weakened roman government and society
-
“Dictators for life”
Pax Romana:
-
Political system established reduced the power of the Roman
Senate, assemblies, and magistrates
-
Political power centralized in emperor
-
Great distance of wealth b/w rich and poor
KEY PROBLEMS OF ROMAN TIME PERIODS
The Decline of the Empire:
-
The empire struggled with civil wars and barbarian invasions
-
Multiple emperors in a short time span
-
Expansion ending led to decline of $ coming in
-
Empire was weakened by division into Eastern/Western Rome
TOPICS THAT WILL BE COVERED ON THE TEST…
•
The emergence of civilization
•
Characteristics of civilization
•
The major river valley areas (The Tigris-Euphrates valley in Southwest
Asia, The Nile valley in Africa, The Indus valley in South Asia, The Huang
valley in East Asia)
• The Rise/Fall, Existence in Terms of Each Other, GRAPES information
•
Major World Religions/Philosophies
• Origins, key figures, major text, core beliefs
•
Greece
• Rise of Greece, Golden Age vs. Hellenistic Period
•
Rome
• Rise and Fall of Rome, Problems within the Key Periods
FORMAT OF THE TEST…
Multiple Choice
Fill in the Blank
Matching
Short Answer
Essay/Constructed Response
TIME TO STUDY…