Transcript Scientific Revolution

Quiz#2 Preparation
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Look through your notes for the first 2 minutes
before class
Hand in your Charts on Absolute monarchs
AIM: SW understand how to organize
and develop a thematic essay
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DO NOW: 11.3.2011
1. Have notebooks out, but not set up
Assignments:
HW#4 – Essay outline sheet due Friday
HW#5 Notes 140-143 due Monday
Standards: II World History
Theme Essay: Political Systems
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You need to select TWO political systems, but I
am mandating that you select …
Absolute Monarchy
 Limited or Constitutional Monarchy
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You need to select TWO nations that have been
adopted these political systems
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What two nations would best fit that we’ve covered?
France – Absolute Monarchy
England – Limited or Constitutional Monarchy
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Divine Right –
Absolutism – monarch has complete authority
over all subjects lives
Taxes
 War
 Make laws
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Centralize Power -
AIM: How did the Great Chain of
Being order European Society?
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DO NOW: 12.9.2009
1. Set up your notes “Great Chain of Being”
2. Remember outline of Theme Essay due
Thursday
The Great Chain of
Being
What does this
picture mean?
The Great Chain of Being
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What is it?
A classical and Western medieval concept of God's strict and
natural hierarchical structure of the universe.
Key themes of GCB:
1. Obedience
2. No Social Mobility
3. Paternalism: Those at upper end of chain had a responsibility
to look after those at bottom of chain like a father (God )
4. Deference: In return, those at the bottom had to defer to
those at the top with obedience, allegiance, and respect. (Pay
taxes, fix roads, give wall)
Mankind’s Hierarchy
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General Hierarchy
Closest to top you are,
closest to God you become
Mankind is suspended
between Angels & Animals
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Man’s Hierarchy
King (God’s Lieutenant)
Aristocrats
Peasants
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“A man’s nature runs to either
herbs or weeds.”
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Owners of land (+)
Renters (-)
The Poor
Homeless, and lived
hand to mouth
Great Chain of Being
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Antithesis to the Chain:
Capitalism & rise of cities during the
Renaissance
Middle class grows
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Conflicting chains of Papacy and King?
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Mobility happens
Who is higher and closer to God?
Protestant Reformation: Challenges the Chain.
HW#1 Theme Essay outline
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Introductions
Use the statement in the box and edit it to fit your topics
Example:
Use the sentence to fit your thesis
Political, economic, and social conditions have often led to
turning points in history.
The collapse of the Soviet Union and China’s Communist
Revolution signaled key turning points in history.
Both of these turning points changed the course of human
history.
Textbook
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202-205 commercial revolution
8-12 Neolithic Rev
Roman Empire is all in pg. 148-151
Scientific Revolution
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In order to understand the ramifications of the
Scientific Revolution,
we have to go back to the Great Chain of Being
Let’s look back at our notes from that day and
see how the Universe was thought to be
AIM: How did the Scientific Revolution alter the way
Europeans viewed the universe and mankind?
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DO NOW: 11.4.2011
1. Set up your notes titled “Scientific
Revolution”
Assignments:
HW#4 – Essay outline chart
HW#5 Notes pgs. 140-143, (Per. 8) 179-183
Standards: II World History
Scientific Revolution: A 17th century Intellectual
Revolution movement
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Modern science did not exist until the 17th century as
we know it.
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Word scientist did not exist until the 1830s!
Man thought the world was too complex to understand
because it was created by GOD
However, the S.R. challenges Man’s greatest beliefs
about the universe, God, & Mankind’s role
Scientific Revolution
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Since days of Greek scientist
Ptolemy (2nd AD), it was assumed
Earth was center of the Universe
Earth sat motionless in center of
universe
Planets, sun, heavens orbited earth
in perfect concentric spheres
Called Geocentric or Ptolemaic
model
Ptolemaic or Geocentric Model
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Universe:
Heaven
Stars
Sun
Planets
Moon
These are celestial bodies –
beyond Man
Earth (motionless)
Hell inside of Earth
Great Chain of Being –
social hierarchy
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Hierarchy:
God (created universe &
keeps it in order)
Angels (are God’s heralds
who work with Man & God)
Man (master of Earth)
Animals (beasts)
Plants
Stones (closest to earth)
Hell (inside of earth)
Church supports Ptolemaic Model
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Why does Church support
this model?
1. Man is center of universe
(near hell)
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Universe was an affair between
GOD & MAN!!!!!!
2. Shows Man’s significance –
we are God’s chosen race
3. Believable to the naked eye
– made rationale sense
Scientific Revolution
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Imagine, you are a person living during this
period with these beliefs
When you look at the sky at night you saw
stars, you believed you could see the tip of
heaven!
Would this view of the cosmos not seem
believable if this is all what was thought to be
true?
Your view of the Heavens
AIM: SW begin writing out their thematic essay
and include concepts they’ve learned in class
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DO NOW: 11.7.2011
1. Hand in HW#5 Notes & have HW#4 charts
out
2. Set up notes titled “Essay writing”
Assignments:
Project Thematic Essay#2 – Political Systems
due Thursday
Standards: II World History
Things to remember
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A. NO 1st Person in the essay
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B. No 2nd Person either!
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“In my essay I will …”
“There are many things you can see in Absolutism”
C. Topic sentences at beginning of each Body
Paragraph
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“There are various characteristics of an Absolute
monarchy.”
Introduction – Political Systems
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Part I – write a general statement on political
systems and their development
Part II – then specify what political systems you
will be focusing on (Absolutism & Limited
Monarchy)
Part III – Thesis Statement – write a sentence
that argues how Absolutism & limited
monarchies affected France & England.
Example Regents
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Political systems are an important part of any
society and have had a profound affect on the
history and culture of various nations. Two
examples of such political systems are the
communist government in China and fascist
government in Nazi Germany. In China,
communism led to strict censorship and the
limitation of many civil liberties. Fascist
Germany was totalitarian regime that used
racism and violence to crush political opponents
and maintain control.
Organization of Essay
Introduction
 Body P1 – characteristics of an Absolute
monarch
 Then begin elaborating on Absolutism in France
 Body P2 – Characteristics of a Limited
Monarchy
 Then begin elaborating on limited monarchy in
England
 Conclusion
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Explain this quote
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“I am much occupied with the investigation of
the physical causes. My aim is to show that the
machine of the universe is not similar to a divine
animated being, but similar to a clock.”
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Johannes Kepler
AIM: How did Copernicus and Galileo
challenge accepted beliefs about the universe?
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DO NOW: 11.9.2011
1. Open textbook to page 623
2. Set up your notes titled “Copernicus &
Galileo”
Assignments:
Project – Essay#2 due Thursday (tomorrow)
Standards: II World History
Scientific Revolution
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Nicholas Copernicus
(1473-1543)
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Poland
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On the Revolutions of
Heavenly Orbs
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Copernicus ’Magnum
Opus – greatest work
Published on in 1543,
the year he died
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On the Revolutions of Heavenly Orbs
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Theme:
 Earth orbits sun
 Earth just another planet
 Called the Heliocentric
Model
Yet, No mathematical proof!
Other astronomer’s added to
theory
The astronomer Copernicus: Conversation with God.
Painting by Jan Matejko.
Scientific Revolution
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Galileo (1564-1642)
Astronomer - further proved
Heliocentric Model
Mathematical laws can prove
Universe is orderly
Starry Messenger &
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Uses power of telescope!
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Letters on Sun Spots
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moon’s surface
Sun spots
Moon’s around Jupiter
They look like EARTH!
Church forces Galileo to
recant in 1633 – House
Arrest
Galileo & his telescope
Galileo Facing the Inquisition
Rene Descartes –
“Cogito Ergo Sum” – “I think therefore I am”
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French Philosopher &
mathematician
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(b.1596-1650)
Rejected old medieval ways of
thinking that relied too much on
assumptions & sensation
The universe is understandable!
Developed new model to
rationally understand world using
power of MIND
Ability to “Think” proves the
existence of oneself
F – Force & G - Gravity
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F = Force
G = Gravity
M1 = Mass 1
M2 = Mass 2
R2 = Distance between
masses
AIM: How did the Scientific Revolution affect
Man’s understanding of the Universe?
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DO NOW: 11.10.2011
1. Prepare to hand in Essay#2 on Political Systems &
Essay Chart (HW#4)
2. Continue your notes from yesterday
Assignments:
1. Classwork#3 Descartes Analysis – Due Monday
2. Midterm Exam next Wednesday & Thursday
Standards: II World History
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
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Why is there planetary motion?
Is it heavenliness?
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Principia Mathematica
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Proved theory of gravity
All objects in space act on each other, this
creates order in universe
Forms basis of physics
Effects …
1. Universe isn’t an overly complicated place
2. The Universe is orderly like a machine
3. Mathematical formulas prove this
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Gravity keeps
Galaxy in place
Development of Scientific Method
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Sir Francis Bacon –
developed system of
experimentation to find
“truth”
Test a hypothesis Experimentation, human
observation, & empirical
data drove results
Not biblical scripture
or old assumptions
Effects of Sci. Revolution:
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Mankind has intellectual ability and reason to learn
truths in the world & universe
Religious dogma & old beliefs do not necessarily
produce truths
Science can have a practical purpose for human
improvement
Organization of Descartes Analysis
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I. Introduce Descartes & his ideas
BP1 – Discuss how you come up with what is truth vs.
false? How do you know something is real?
BP2 – Can you trust your senses? Is this flawed?
BP3 – Do you agree with Descartes’ method? Or do
you believe that is faith is unexplainable?
Please Use your own EXPERIENCES to explain
yourself in any of the paragraphs
Based on Descartes’ method, how would
you react & think about seeing a UFO?
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Reason
VS.
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Faith
Classwork: Scientific Revolution Chart: pgs.
364-367
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Thinker
Copernicus
Galileo
Tycho Brahe & Kepler
Sir Isaac Newton
Rene Descartes
Sir Francis Bacon
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Discovery & major works
AIM: How did Galileo directly
challenge church doctrine?
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DO NOW: 12.11.2009
1. Have your notes out from yesterday on
Scientific Revolution
2. Completed Theme Essay due Tuesday
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Outlines can still be submitted for Late credit