Transcript Chapter 23
+ Chapter 23 Transoceanic Encounters & Global Connections + Ap World History Journal 12/21 What was the significance of the Manila Galleons? What navigational technologies were derived from Western Europe? Why was Vasca De Gama’s voyage important? + European Motives for Exploration 1. Resource – Poor Portugal searched for fresh resources and lands for cultivation 2. Lure of trade without Muslim intermediaries 3. Desire to Spread Christianity( Both peaceful ways ex. Missionaries, and through conquest Reconquista, + Technology of Exploration Stern Post Rudder (Chinese) and triangular lateen sail made it possible to sail against the winds Magnetic compass (China)- allowed sailors to determine direction Astrolabe (Arabic Sailors)- allowed them to determine their latitude at sea Cross Staff and back staff (European)- measures the angle of the sun or pole star to determine latitude. Knowledge of the Volta do mar or “return through the sea” + New Maritime Technologies Better Maps [Portulan] Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Mariner’s Compass Sextant + New Weapons Technology + Voyages of Exploration Vasca Da Gama (Portugal) Reached India, brought back huge profits Opened the doors to direct maritime trading between Europe & Asia Voyages of Exploration Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal) 1st person to circumnavigate the world 1519-1522 Only 35 of the original 280 survived Killed in the Philippines http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=UpIx99cDzE&feature=related + Voyages of Exploration + Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16c + Christopher Columbus, Italian Queen Isabella (left) and King Ferdinand supported the voyages of Columbus (left, above). Believed Earth was smaller Estimated Japan approximately 2,500 miles west of Canaries (actually 10,000 miles) Columbus Discovers New World Italian explorer secured Spanish backing to find a westward route to India. During Four voyages (1492-1503), Columbus “discovers” Americas (Caribbean & Latin America). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kvm8 WA0Y2N4 + The Man Who Found The New World An 1893 depiction of Columbus landing in the Caribbean. Above: A sailing map made by Bartholomew & Christopher Columbus c. 1490. Recreations of the Niña and La Pinta. + Voyages of Exploration James Cook Led 3 expeditions to Arctic, Pacific, Australia. Died in Hawaii Helped geographers to get better understanding of the world Killed in Hawaii + 15 Wind and current patterns in the world's oceans. + 16 European exploration in the Atlantic Ocean, 1486-1498. + What was the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange + How did the Columbian Exchange impact the World? Items sent to the Old World Items sent to the New World Potatoes Disease ( Small Pox, Malaria) Tomatoes Horses, Cattle, Pigs Maize ( Corn) Sugar Cane Syphilis Coffee Beans Turkey Rice The “Columbian Exchange” + Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough + 20 World Population Growth, 15001800 CE + European Empires in the Americas + Why is the 7 Years War Important to World History? It placed Britain in a position to dominate world trade for the next 150 years + Analyze the Impact of Technology on the global trading networks from 1500-1800? The astrolabe( Arabs) and cross staff( Europeans) helped to determine latitude @ sea Magnetic compass (china) helped point them in the right direction Stern Rudder- helped point the ship in the right sailing direction + Who was Afonso De Albuquerque? • Architect of the aggressive Portuguese policy of making other people pay duties to use the Indian Ocean trade route • People who did not pay duties were punished severely